Comparison of Nondestructive Stress Measurement Techniques for Determination of Residual Stresses in the Heat Treated Steels

Comparison of Nondestructive Stress Measurement Techniques for Determination of Residual Stresses in the Heat Treated Steels

H. Hizli, C.H. Gür

download PDF

Abstract. Service life and performance of the case-hardened machine parts are greatly dependent on the residual stress state in the surface layers which directly affects the fatigue behavior. Recently, all industrial sectors have been requested for a fast and non-destructive determination of residual stress. This study aims to monitor of the variations in surface residual stress distributions in the carburized 19CrNi5H steels by means of non-destructive and semi-destructive measurement techniques, Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) assisted hole drilling. Microstructural investigation by optical and scanning electron microscopy, hardness measurements, and spectroscopy analysis were also conducted. To comprehend the differences in the surface residual stress state, 19CrNi5H steel samples were carburized at 900°C for 8, 10 and 13 hours, and then, tempered in the range of 180°C and 600°C. Residual stress measurements carried out by XRD and ESPI assisted hole drilling showed that the compressive residual stress state exists for the case-hardened samples throughout the case depth regions, and the magnitude of the compressive residual stress decreases as the tempering temperature increases. MBN measurements showed that the BN activity increases with decreasing carburization time and increasing tempering temperature. It was concluded that MBN technique could be used to measure the surface residual stress distributions with a proper calibration operation.

Keywords
Carburizing, Residual Stress, Magnetic Barkhausen Noise, X-Ray Diffraction, Electronic Speckle Laser Interferometry

Published online 9/11/2018, 6 pages
Copyright © 2018 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA

Citation: H. Hizli, C.H. Gür, ‘Comparison of Nondestructive Stress Measurement Techniques for Determination of Residual Stresses in the Heat Treated Steels’, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 6, pp 165-170, 2018

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291890-26

The article was published as article 26 of the book Residual Stresses 2018

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

References
[1] Krauss G. (1991). Microstructures and Properties of Carburized Steels, in ASM Handbook, Vol. 4, Heat Treating, ASM International 363–375.
[2] Parrish G., (1999). Carburizing: Microstructures and Properties, Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International.
[3] Rickert, T., Thomas, J., and Suominen, L. (2014). Residual Stress Measurement of Shot-Peened Steel Rings by Barkhausen Noise, ESPI Hole-Drilling and X-Ray Diffraction. AMR, 996, 380-385. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.996.380
[4] Casavola C., Campanelli L. S., and Pappalettere C. (2008). Experimental Analysis of Residual Stresses in the Selective Laser Melting Process, in Proceedings of the 11th International Congress and Exhibition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics,1479-1486.
[5] ASTM E837 (2008) Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain Gage Method, Annual Book of ASTM standards, Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials, 747-753.
[6] Barile C., Casavola C., Pappalettera G., and Pappalettere C. (2013). Feasibility of Local Stress Relaxation by Laser Annealing and X-Ray Measurement. Strain, 49(5), 393–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/str.12045
[7] Albertazzi Jr. A., Peixoto Filho F., Suterio R., Amaral F. (2004) Evaluation of a Residual Stresses Measurement Device Combining a Radial In-plane ESPI and the Blind Hole Drilling Method, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Europe International Symposium Photonics.
[8] Steinzig, M. and Ponslet, E. (2003). Residual Stress Measurement Using the Hole Drilling Method and Laser Speckle Interferometry: Part I-IV. Experimental Techniques, 27 (3), 43-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2003.tb00114.x
[9] Gauthier, J., Krause, T., & Atherton, D. (1998). Measurement of residual stress in steel using the magnetic Barkhausen noise technique. NDT & E International, 31(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8695(97)00023-6
[10] Furgiuele, F., Pagnotta, L., Poggialini, A. (1991). Measuring residual stresses by hole-drilling and coherent optics techniques: a numerical calibration. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 113(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2903381
[11] Barile, C., Casavola, C., Pappalettera, G., Pappalettere, C. (2014). Analysis of the effects of process parameters in residual stress measurements on titanium plates by HDM/ESPI. Measurement 48, 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2013.11.014