Residual Stress Analysis in the Oxide Scales Formed on 316L Stainless Steel at 700 °C under Humid Air

Residual Stress Analysis in the Oxide Scales Formed on 316L Stainless Steel at 700 °C under Humid Air

L. Linwei, J. Vincent

Abstract. The effects of water vapor on residual stresses in the oxide scales formed on 316L austenitic stainless steel are investigated. Samples were oxidized in thermogravimetric analyzer at 700°C for 6 hours – 96 hours with different amounts of water vapor (air, air+0.5%H2O, air+4.0%H2O). Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) at different incident angles was used to study the phases and residual stresses in the oxide scales. The results demonstrate the formation of an inner chromia (Cr2O3) or chromium and iron solid solution (FexCr2-xO3) layer and an outer hematite (Fe2O3), iron and nickel metallic compound (FeNi3) and spinel layer. With the presence of water vapor, few wüstite (FeO) was also detected near the substrate. The residual stresses in the oxide scales are compressive, while the ones in the substrate are mostly tensile. Water vapor influenced not only the composition ratio of oxide scales and the residual stress levels but also the approach of oxide film damage.

Keywords
Residual Stresses, High Temperature Oxidation, Water Vapor, X-Ray Diffraction

Published online 9/11/2018, 6 pages
Copyright © 2018 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA

Citation: L. Linwei, J. Vincent, ‘Residual Stress Analysis in the Oxide Scales Formed on 316L Stainless Steel at 700 °C under Humid Air’, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 6, pp 125-130, 2018

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291890-20

The article was published as article 20 of the book Residual Stresses 2018

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

References
[1] M. P. Brady, M. Fayek, J. R. Keiser, H. M. Meyer III, K. L. More, L. Anovitz, D. J. Wesolowski and D. R. Cole, Wet oxidation of stainless steels: New insights into hydrogen ingress, Corrosion Science. 53 (2011) 1633-1638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2011.02.011
[2] H. Falk-Windisch, J. E. Svensson and J. Froitzheim, The effect of temperature on chromium vaporization and oxide scale growth on interconnect steels for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Journal of Power Sources. 287 (2015) 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.040
[3] X. Peng, J. Yan, Y. Zhou and F. Wang, Effect of grain refinement on the resistance of 304 stainless steel to breakaway oxidation in wet air, Acta Materialia. 53 (2005) 5079-5088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2005.07.019
[4] W. Kuang, X. Wu and E.-H. Han, The oxidation behaviour of 304 stainless steel in oxygenated high temperature water, Corrosion Science. 52 (2010) 4081-4087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2010.09.001
[5] J. Xiao, N. Prud’homme, N. Li and V. Ji, Influence of humidity on high temperature oxidation of Inconel 600 alloy: Oxide layers and residual stress study, Applied Surface Science. 284 (2013) 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.07.117
[6] C. Tedmon, The effect of oxide volatilization on the oxidation kinetics of Cr and Fe‐Cr alloys, Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 113 (1966) 766-768. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2424115
[7] M. Halvarsson, J. E. Tang, H. Asteman, J. E. Svensson and L. G. Johansson, Microstructural investigation of the breakdown of the protective oxide scale on a 304 steel in the presence of oxygen and water vapour at 600°C, Corrosion Science. 48 (2006) 2014-2035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2005.08.012
[8] T. Mitchell, D. Voss and E. Butler, The observation of stress effects during the high temperature oxidation of iron, Journal of Materials Science. 17 (1982) 1825-1833. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00540812
[9] X. Wei, X. Peng, X. Wang and Z. Dong, Development of growth and thermal stresses in NiO scale on nanocrystalline Ni without and with dispersion of CeO2 nanoparticles, Corrosion Science. 118 (2017) 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2017.01.014
[10] C. Fujii and R. Meussner, Oxide Structures Produced on Iron‐Chromium Alloys by a Dissociative Mechanism, Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 110 (1963) 1195-1204. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2425624