An experimental investigation into tribological behaviour of additively manufactured biocompatible Ti-6Al-4V alloy

An experimental investigation into tribological behaviour of additively manufactured biocompatible Ti-6Al-4V alloy

MADEJ Marcin, KARKALOS Nikolaos E., KARMIRIS-OBRATANSKI Panagiotis, PAPAZOGLOU Emmanouil L., GEORGAKOPOULOS-SOARES Ilias, MARKOPOULOS Angelos P.

download PDF

Abstract. Additive manufacturing techniques are increasingly being utilized in industrial-level applications due to their flexibility and ability to produce customized parts, such as various types of biomedical implants. However, the conditions during additive manufacturing fabrication and the nature of these processes can lead to implications on the properties of the produced parts, potentially requiring appropriate post-processing before real applications. The tribological behavior of printed parts not only affects their performance but also their service life, making it crucial to investigate their wear rate and friction coefficient under different lubricant environments. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted on as-printed Ti-6Al-4V specimens to determine the effect of various lubricant environments on wear rate and friction coefficient. The results demonstrated that the reduction in wear rate in liquid environments can be significantly hindered by the accumulation of debris from the worn specimen. However, the development of a thin film of an appropriate lubricant was shown to be favorable regarding the friction behavior of printed parts.

Keywords
Friction Coefficient, Wear Rate, Tribology, Additive Manufacturing, Ti-6Al-4V

Published online 4/24/2024, 9 pages
Copyright © 2024 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA

Citation: MADEJ Marcin, KARKALOS Nikolaos E., KARMIRIS-OBRATANSKI Panagiotis, PAPAZOGLOU Emmanouil L., GEORGAKOPOULOS-SOARES Ilias, MARKOPOULOS Angelos P., An experimental investigation into tribological behaviour of additively manufactured biocompatible Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 41, pp 174-182, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-19

The article was published as article 19 of the book Material Forming

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

References
[1] A. Gebhardt, Understanding Additive Manufacturing. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2011.
[2] S. Kumar, Additive Manufacturing Solutions. Springer, 2022.
[3] M. Srivastava, S. Rathee, S. Maheshwari, and T. K. Kundra, Additive Manufacturing Fundamentals and advancements. New York, U.S.A: CRC Press, 2020.
[4] A. Gebhardt and J.-S. Hotter, Additive Manufacturing – 3D Printing for Prototyping and Manufacturing. HANSER Publications, 2016.
[5] I. Gibson, D. W. Rosen, and B. Stucker, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag New York, 2015.
[6] F. Lopez, P. Witherell, and B. Lane, “Identifying uncertainty in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing models,” J. Mech. Des., vol. 138, no. 11, pp. 1–4, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034103
[7] C. Y. Yap et al., “Review of selective laser melting: Materials and applications,” Appl. Phys. Rev., vol. 2, no. 4, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4935926
[8] A. N. Aufa, M. Z. Hassan, and Z. Ismail, “Recent advances in Ti-6Al-4V additively manufactured by selective laser melting for biomedical implants: Prospect development,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 896, p. 163072, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163072
[9] T. A. Mukalay, J. A. Trimble, K. Mpofu, and R. Muvunzi, “A systematic review of process uncertainty in Ti6Al4V-selective laser melting,” CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol., vol. 36, pp. 185–212, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2021.12.005
[10] M. Tang, L. Zhang, and N. Zhang, “Microstructural evolution, mechanical and tribological properties of TiC/Ti6Al4V composites with unique microstructure prepared by SLM,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 814, no. April 2020, p. 141187, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141187
[11] H. Attar et al., “Comparison of wear properties of commercially pure titanium prepared by selective laser melting and casting processes,” Mater. Lett., vol. 142, pp. 38–41, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2014.11.156
[12] X. Liang, P. Du, S. Li, and C. Zhang, “Tribological properties of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V against cemented carbide under dry sliding conditions,” Tribol. Int., vol. 167, no. September 2021, p. 107358, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107358
[13] H. Liu, X. Huang, S. Huang, L. Qiao, and Y. Yan, “Anisotropy of wear and tribocorrosion properties of L-PBF Ti6Al4V,” J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 25, pp. 2690–2701, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.128
[14] S. Kaur, K. Ghadirinejad, and R. H. Oskouei, “An overview on the tribological performance of titanium alloys with surface modifications for biomedical applications,” Lubricants, vol. 7, no. 8, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7080065
[15] R. M. Mahamood, T.-C. Jen, S. A. Akinlabi, S. Hassan, and E. T. Akinlabi, “Tribology of additively manufactured titanium alloy for medical implant,” in Tribology of Additively Manufactured Materials, Elsevier, 2022, pp. 267–288
[16] A. K. Pandey, A. Kumar, R. Kumar, R. K. Gautam, and C. K. Behera, “Tribological performance of SS 316L, commercially pure Titanium, and Ti6Al4V in different solutions for biomedical applications,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 78, pp. A1–A8, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.736
[17] Ş. Şirin, S. Akıncıoğlu, M. K. Gupta, T. Kıvak, and N. Khanna, “A tribological performance of vegetable-based oil combined with GNPs and hBN nanoparticles on the friction-wear tests of titanium grade 2,” Tribol. Int., vol. 181, no. January, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2023.108314