Use of Alkaline Activated Cements from Residues for Soil Stabilization
J. Cosa, L. Soriano, M.V. Borrachero, J. Payá, J. Monzó
Abstract. In recent decades, Portland cement (OPC) production has grown significantly as a result of economic and population growth. However, the cement industry is classified as a highly polluting sector and of great environmental impact. The production of one tonne of OPC requires the exploitation of a high volume of raw materials (mainly limestone and clay) and the emission of one tonne of CO2 and other polluting gases (NOx and SOx). The OPC is the most used binder in soil stabilization, one of the alternatives with less environmental impact, is the use of so-called alkaline activated cements (AAC) and / or geopolymers. In the research work, is used a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC) residue as a precursor and a mixture of rice straw ash (RSA) and sodium hydroxide as activator. Reducing the economic and environmental cost, making it viable in developing countries. To obtain the RSA, a burner has been designed and built in which the rice straw is transformed into RSA. During the burning process, the different burning zones and their temperatures were studied. The objective of these measurements is to obtain the optimum quality RSA to synthesis of the alkaline activator in the geopolymerization reaction. The AAC was used for soil stabilization, the compressive strengths were obtained for ages between 7 and 90 days. Soils were stabilized with OPC and AAC, and the results were compared, being higher the results with OPC. However, the compressive strengths obtained with the AAC were sufficient for the stabilization of the soils.
Keywords
Sustainable Construction Materials, Waste Reuse, Alkali Activated Cement, Soil Stabilization
Published online , 8 pages
Copyright © 2018 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: J. Cosa, L. Soriano, M.V. Borrachero, J. Payá, J. Monzó, ‘Use of Alkaline Activated Cements from Residues for Soil Stabilization’, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 7, pp 257-264, 2018
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291838-23
The article was published as article 23 of the book Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies
References
[1] Khadka B., Shakya M. Comparative compressive strength of stabilized an un-stabilized rammed earth. Materials and Structures, vol 9, nº 49, pp 3945-3955, 2016.
[2] Alrubaye A.J., Hassan M., Fattah M-Y. Stabilization of soft kaolin clay with silica fume and lime. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol 11, nº1, pp 90-96, 2017.
[3] Rios S., Viana da Fonseca A., Baudet B. Effect of the porosity/cement ratio on the compression of cemented soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol 138, nº11, pp 1422-1426, 2012.
[4] Marinkovic S., Dragas J., Ignjatovic J., Tosic N. Environmental assessment of green concretes for structured use. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol 154, pp 633-649, 2017.
[5] Tashima M.M., Akasaki J.L., Castaldelli V.N., Soriano L., Monzó J., Borrachero M. V, Payá J. New geopolymeric binder base on fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC). Materials Letters, vol 80, pp 50-52, 2012.
[6] Huiskes DMA., Keulen A, Yu QL., Brouwers HJH. Design and performance evaluation of ultra-lightweight geopolymer concrete. Materials and Design, vol 89, pp 516-526, 2016.
[7] Zhang M., Guo H., El-Korchi T., Zhang G. Tao M. Experimental feasibility study of geopolymer as the next-generation soil stabilizer. Construction and Building Materials, vol 47, pp 1468-1478, 2013.
[8] Rios S., Cristelo N., Viana da Fonseca A., Ferreira C. Stiffness behaviour of soil stabilized with alkali-activated fly ash from small to large strains. International Journal of Geomechanics, vol 17, noº 3, pp 1-12, 2017.
[9] Zhang M., Zhao M.X., Zhang G.P., Nowak P., Coen A., Tao M.J. Calcium-free geopolymer as a stabilizer for sulfate-rich soils. Applied Clay Science, vol 108, pp 199-207, 2015.
[10] Bouzón N., Payá J., Borrachero M.V., Soriano L., Tashima M.M., Monzó J. Refluxed rice husk ash/NaOH suspension for preparing alkali activated binders. Materials Letters, vol 115, pp 72–74, 2014.
[11] Mejía J.M., Mejía de Gutiérrez R., Montes C. Rice husk ash and spent diatomaceous earth as a source of silica to fabricate a geopolymeric binary binder. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol 118, pp 133-139, 2016.
[12] Puertas F., Torres-Carrasco M. Use of glass waste as an activator in the preparation of alkali-activated slag. Mechanical strength and paste characterization. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 57, pp 95-104, 2014.
[13] Alamán M. Estudio para la estabilización de bloques de tierra mediante la utilización de geopolímeros a partir de residuos. Aplicación para viviendas de bajo coste en Barranquilla (Colombia). Proyecto Final de Carrera. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014.