Stress Profiling in Cold-Spray Coatings by Different Experimental Techniques: Neutron Diffraction, X-Ray Diffraction and Slitting Method
V. Luzin, K. Spencer, M.R. Hill, T. Wei, M. Law, T. Gnäupel-Herold
download PDFThe residual stress profiles in Cu and Al coatings sprayed using kinetic metallization to thickness of ~2 mm have been studied. Due to specific parameters of the cold-spray process and particular combination of materials, coatings and substrates, the residual stresses are low with magnitudes of the order of a few tens of MPa. This poses challenges on accuracy and resolution when measuring through-thickness stress distributions. Three experimental techniques – neutron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and a slitting method – were used to measure through-thickness stress distributions in the substrate-coating systems. All three techniques demonstrated acceptable accuracy and resolutions suitable for analyzing stress profiles. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed.
Keywords
Residual Stress, Coatings, Cold Spray, Neutron Diffraction
Published online 4/20/2018, 6 pages
Copyright © 2018 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: V. Luzin, K. Spencer, M.R. Hill, T. Wei, M. Law, T. Gnäupel-Herold, ‘Stress Profiling in Cold-Spray Coatings by Different Experimental Techniques: Neutron Diffraction, X-Ray Diffraction and Slitting Method’, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 4, pp 129-134, 2018
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291678-20
The article was published as article 20 of the book
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
References
[1] V. Luzin, A. Valarezo and S. Sampath, Through-thickness Residual Stress Measurement in Metal and Ceramic Spray Coatings by Neutron Diffraction, Mater. Sci. Forum, 571-572 (2008) 315-320. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.571-572.315
[2] V. Luzin, A. Vackel, A. Valarezo and S. Sampath, Neutron Through-Thickness Stress Measurements in Coatings with High Spatial Resolution, Mater. Sci. Forum, 905 (2017) 165-173. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.905.165
[3] M.R. Hill, The Slitting Method, in: Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013, pp. 89-108. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118402832.ch4
[4] T. Gnaupel-Herold, Formalism for the determination of intermediate stress gradients using X-ray diffraction, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 42 (2009) 192-197. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889809004300
[5] T. Gnaeupel-Herold, T. Foecke, M. Iadicola and S. Banovic, in: SAE International, 2005.
[6] K.-D. Liss, B. Hunter, M. Hagen, T. Noakes and S. Kennedy, Echidna – the new high-resolution powder diffractometer being built at OPAL, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 385–386, Part 2 (2006) 1010-1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.322
[7] https://www.ncnr.nist.gov/instruments/darts/.
[8] T. Gnaupel-Herold, P.C. Brand and H.J. Prask, Calculation of Single-Crystal Elastic Constants for Cubic Crystal Symmetry from Powder Diffraction Data, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 31 (1998) 929-935. https://doi.org/10.1107/S002188989800898X
[9] M. Law, O. Kirstein and V. Luzin, An assessment of the effect of cutting welded samples on residual stress measurements by chill modelling, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 45 (2010) 567-573. https://doi.org/10.1177/030932471004500807
[10] Y.C. Tsui and T.W. Clyne, An analytical model for predicting residual stresses in progressively deposited coatings .1. Planar geometry, Thin Solid Films, 306 (1997) 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00199-5