Optimization Design of MXenes/bimetallic phosphate composites synthesized via microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach for multifunctional electrochromic supercapacitors
Muhammad Norhaffis MUSTAFA, Arshid NUMAN
Abstract. Electrochromic materials are gaining considerable interest in energy storage owing to their dual ability to couple optical modulation with electrochemical performance. In this study, a nickel cobalt phosphate (NCP)/MXene (Ti3C2) composite was synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal route, with the concentrations of both components systematically optimized using central composite design (CCD). The optimized NCP/Ti₃C₂ electrode achieved a remarkable coloration efficiency of 132.68 cm² C⁻¹, excellent coloration stability with 70% retention after 1000 cycles, and a high specific capacitance of 2270 F g⁻¹ at 1 mV s⁻¹. These results demonstrate that the CCD-optimized NCP/Ti3C2 composite not only achieves superior electrochromic and energy storage characteristics but also offers a scalable pathway for the advancement of multifunctional energy storage platforms in wearable and smart electronic applications.
Keywords
Central Composite Design, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal, Mxenes, Nickel Cobalt Phosphate, Electrochromic, Supercapacitor
Published online 6/20/2026, 6 pages
Copyright © 2026 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Muhammad Norhaffis MUSTAFA, Arshid NUMAN, Optimization Design of MXenes/bimetallic phosphate composites synthesized via microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach for multifunctional electrochromic supercapacitors, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 67, pp 762-767, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644904176-105
The article was published as article 105 of the book Climate Action and Sustainability
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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