Improved Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen using a Black Phosphorus based SPR Sensor
Abdelhak EL HIRI, Hamza SABIR, Abdellatif EL AZRAK
Abstract: This work outlines the design and analysis of performance for a unique new multilayer surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor designed with black phosphorus (BP) layers to detect Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA). The proposed architecture for the sensor includes a BK7 prism, gold (Au), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and multiple BP layers (P = 0, P = 1, P = 2), and has been thoroughly analyzed using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) simulation technique at a wavelength of 633nm. The findings indicate that as the number of BP layers increases from zero to two, the sensitivity of the sensor increases from 148.84 deg/RIU (P = 0) to 167.30 deg/RIU(P = 2); however, with this increased sensitivity comes a corresponding increase in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the SPR response from 4.09 to 4.89, which results in a reduction of the figure of merit (FOM) from 36.39 RIU⁻¹ (P = 0) to 34.25 RIU⁻¹ (P = 2). This research shows that BP has a real chance of being an alternative for optimising the performance of SPR biosensors and quantifies the idea that by using BP layers there are some trade-offs between the sensitivity and spectral width of the biosensors. The results from this research provide a foundation for future high-performance diagnostic device design.
Keywords
2D Materials, Black Phosphorus, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Biosensor, Sensitivity, FOM
Published online 4/25/2026, 7 pages
Copyright © 2026 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Abdelhak EL HIRI, Hamza SABIR, Abdellatif EL AZRAK, Improved Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen using a Black Phosphorus based SPR Sensor, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 64, pp 746-752, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644904091-93
The article was published as article 93 of the book Energy Futures
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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