Potassium Deintercalated Birnessite (Mn₇O₁₃·5H₂O) as Cathode for Advanced Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Hamza AFARYATE, Mohamed KERROUMI, Mehdi KARBAK, Bouchaib MANOUN, Youssef TAMRAOUI, Fouad GHAMOUSS
Abstract. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have gained increasing interest as a low-cost, intrinsically safe platform for grid energy-storage applications. Nevertheless, their development is hampered by sluggish Zn²⁺ diffusion and structural instability of cathodes, largely due to the large hydrated radius of Zn²⁺ ions. In this work, a hydrated birnessite-type manganese oxide, denoted L-KMO (Mn7O13·5H2O), is synthesized via a mild acid-leaching strategy applied to potassium birnessite (KMO, K0.37MnO2). Structural and physicochemical characterizations confirm successful potassium removal and formation of a hydrated layered framework with expanded interlayer spacing. When evaluated as a cathode for AZIBs, L-KMO delivers a high capacity of up to 347 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1, along with excellent Coulombic efficiency of approximately 96-100% and stable cycling behavior. This simple and scalable synthesis approach provides an effective route for tailoring manganese-oxide cathodes toward advanced AZIBs.
Keywords
Zinc-Ion Batteries, Potassium Birnessite, Cathode Materials, Acid Leaching, Aqueous Batteries
Published online 4/25/2026, 8 pages
Copyright © 2026 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Hamza AFARYATE, Mohamed KERROUMI, Mehdi KARBAK, Bouchaib MANOUN, Youssef TAMRAOUI, Fouad GHAMOUSS, Potassium Deintercalated Birnessite (Mn₇O₁₃·5H₂O) as Cathode for Advanced Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 64, pp 692-699, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644904091-86
The article was published as article 86 of the book Energy Futures
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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