Digital Transformation of Intralogistics: A Framework for AGV Integration in Industry 4.0 Warehouses
Ilham NAIT HIM, Rachid LGHOUL, Ouassil HAIDAR
Abstract. The paper offer a framework of how Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) can be implemented and configured in Industry 4.0 warehouses. It incorporates two hardware platforms: an Arduino Mega 2560 based hardware outfitted with RFID and obstacle-avoidance, and an Arduino UNO based hardware with Bluetooth control and GPS positioning. The architecture provides a unified control platform, which is an infrared line following control, ultrasonic obstacle detection control, RFID-based destination identification, and GPS positioning. Path following Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithms are used and adjusted to improve the path following, with better track-following results than uncontrolled systems. The navigation technologies are tested with reference to various working parameters. Findings show that the integration of AGV can enhance the throughput of the warehouse by 85%, labour productivity by 145%, safety incidents by 84 % and a payback period of 1.1 years. The paper introduces the methodology and describes the system architecture and Mechanical Design and Electronic Control, and discusses the results analysis, and concludes the paper at the end.
Keywords
Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV), Industry 4.0, Smart Warehouse, Digitalization, Intralogistics, PID Control, Navigation Systems
Published online 4/25/2026, 8 pages
Copyright © 2026 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Ilham NAIT HIM, Rachid LGHOUL, Ouassil HAIDAR, Digital Transformation of Intralogistics: A Framework for AGV Integration in Industry 4.0 Warehouses, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 64, pp 314-321, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644904091-39
The article was published as article 39 of the book Energy Futures
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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