H∞ Switched Observer Design for Fault-Tolerant State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Naoufal EL YOUSSFI, Khalid BADIE, Hicham BEN SASSI, Reda EL ABBADI
Abstract. A mode-dependent H∞ switched observer is proposed for robust state-of-charge (SOC) and actuator fault estimation in lithium-ion batteries modeled by a 2-RC equivalent circuit. The battery’s SOC-dependent nonlinear behavior is handled by partitioning the operating range into linear subsystems, with a switching signal selecting the active mode in real time. Observer gains are computed via LMI conditions ensuring stability and a prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation. Simulations under the Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS) profile show that the method accurately and rapidly estimates both states and faults, providing a fault-tolerant solution for real-time battery management in electric vehicles.
Keywords
Lithium-Ion Battery, Actuator Fault, Switched Systems, H∞ Observer, Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIS), State of Charge (SOC), Battery Management System (BMS)
Published online 4/25/2026, 9 pages
Copyright © 2026 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Naoufal EL YOUSSFI, Khalid BADIE, Hicham BEN SASSI, Reda EL ABBADI, H∞ Switched Observer Design for Fault-Tolerant State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 64, pp 232-240, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644904091-29
The article was published as article 29 of the book Energy Futures
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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