Nitrogen-Based Flame Retardants: Chemistry, Mechanisms, Classes and Applications
Ernest Debbarma, Mithun Roy, Susanta Ghanta
Many chemicals are used to retard the burning rate or can reduce the chances of spreading of fire, are known as flame retardants. They are found in a wide range of consumer goods, such as electronics, textiles, plastics and many more. The basic requirements of flame retardants are enhanced by the ongoing growth of plastics used in building and construction materials, in electronic and electric applications. Several industries are looking towards non-halogenated flame-retardant products throughout the decade. Non-halogenated flame retardants are classified in three distinct categories as metal hydroxides, phosphorus-based molecules and N2-related molecules. N2-related flame retardants are often used in conjunction with phosphorus- related molecules but it can work on their own and ought to be considered a distinct separate class of flame retardants. The several uses and applications of N2-related flame retardants are discussed along with ammonium and melamine related flame retardants such as N2 molecules related to cyanuric acid, azoalkanes, phosphazenes, phospham, and N-alkoxy hindered amines, in this chapter.
Keywords
N2-Related Flame Retardants, Non-Halogenated Flame Retardants, Azo-Alkanes, Melamine(C3N6H6), Phosphazenes, Phospham
Published online 5/1/2026, 20 pages
Citation: Ernest Debbarma, Mithun Roy, Susanta Ghanta, Nitrogen-Based Flame Retardants: Chemistry, Mechanisms, Classes and Applications, Materials Research Foundations, Vol. 190, pp 248-267, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644904077-9
Part of the book on Flame Retardant Materials
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