Fe-Cr-Co Filler Metal for Hardfacing Industrial Fittings – An Alternative to Stellite Bonds
JÓŹWIK Tadeusz, SZYDZIAK Paweł
Abstract. The article presents the implementation of a welding material – Fe-Cr-Co (iron-chromium-cobalt) weld metal, which is a cheaper and technically advantageous alternative to traditional cobalt alloys used for surfacing and sealing surfaces of industrial fittings. The aim was to find a material with similar tribological wear resistance to commonly used cobalt-based welds, but one that is technologically easier to use, more resistant to cracking, and easier to use during repairs. The authors proposed an Fe-Cr-Co alloy (XHD 6804 electrode) – an iron-based filler metal with the addition of chromium and cobalt. It is characterized by high heat resistance (up to 900°C), a hardness of 45–54 HRC, heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, and ease of surfacing.
Keywords
Surfacing, Hardfacing, Industrial Fittings, Sealing Surfaces
Published online 1/25/2026, 8 pages
Copyright © 2026 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: JÓŹWIK Tadeusz, SZYDZIAK Paweł, Fe-Cr-Co Filler Metal for Hardfacing Industrial Fittings – An Alternative to Stellite Bonds, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 62, pp 18-25, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644904015-3
The article was published as article 3 of the book Terotechnology XIV
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
References
[1] R.R. Garbadea, N.B. Dhokey, Overview on Hardfacing Processes, Materials and Applications, IOP Conference Series 2021: Materials Science and Engineering 1 (2021) art.012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1017/1/012033
[2] E. Tasak, Metalurgia spawania, Wydawnictwo JAK, Kraków, 2008.
[3] PN-EN 14700:2022 – Welding consumables. Consumables for hardfacing – PKN 2023.
[4] M. Gajewski, A. Skrzypczyk, J. Kasińska, Testing of stellite pad welds on sealing surface on fittings, Przegląd Spawalnictwa 79(8) (2007) 43-48.
[5] Z. Bojar, Analiza wpływu struktury na odporność korozyjną i mechanizm pękania stopów kobaltu typu Vitalium, Military University of Technology, Warszawa, 1992.
[6] K. Trzewiczek et al., Evaluation of the state for the material of the live steam superheater pipe coils of V degree, Advanced Materials Research 874 (2014) 35-42. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.874.35
[7] A. Dudek et al., The effect of alloying method on the structure and properties of sintered stainless steel, Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017) 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0042
[8] T. Lipiński, Influence of surface refinement on microstructure of Al-Si cast alloys processed by welding method, Manufacturing Technology 15 (2015) 576-581.
[9] P. Jonšta et al., Hydrogen embrittlement of welded joint made of supermartensitic stainless steel in environment containing sulfane, Arch. Metall. Mater. 61 (2016) 709-711. https://doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0121
[10] T. Lipinski et al., Influence of oxygen content in medium carbon steel on bending fatigue strength, Eng. Rural Develop. 21 (2022) 351-356. https://doi.org/10.22616/ERDev.2022.21.TF116
[11] P.J. Romanowicz et al., Using the Effect of Compression Stress in Fatigue Analysis of the Roller Bearing for Bimodal Stress Histories, Materials 15 (2022) art. 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010196
[12] T. Lipiński, A. Wach, Influence of inclusions on bending fatigue strength coefficient the medium carbon steel melted in an electric furnace, Prod. Eng. Arch. 26 (2020) 88-91. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2020.26.18
[13] R. Ulewicz et al., Structure and mechanical properties of fine-grained steels, Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 41 (2013) 111-115. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPtr.7110
[14] D. Siwiec et al., Improving the process of achieving required microstructure and mechanical properties of 38mnvs6 steel, METAL 2020 – 29th Int. Conf. Metall. Mater. (2020) 591-596. https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2020.3525
[15] R. Ulewicz et al., Fatigue properties of wear resistant martensitic steel, METAL 2014 – 23rd Int. Conf. Metall. Mater. (2014) 784-789.
[16] T. Lipinski, J. Pietraszek, Influence of animal slurry on carbon C35 steel with different microstructure at room temperature, Eng. Rural Develop. 21 (2022) 344-350. https://doi.org/10.22616/ERDev.2022.21.TF115
[17] M. Kuklinski et al., Laser alloying monel 400 with amorphous boron to obtain hard coatings, Materials 12 (2019) art. 3494. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12213494
[18] N. Radek et al., The WC-Co electrospark alloying coatings modified by laser treatment, Powder Metall. Metal Ceramics 47 (2008) 197-201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-008-9005-7
[19] Ł.J. Orman et al., Application of laser treatment technology for boiling heat transfer augmentation, Prod. Eng. Arch. 30 (2024) 259-265. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2024.30.25
[20] G. Guidoni et al., Fracture behaviour of thermal barrier coatings after high temperature exposure in air, Materials Science and Engineering: A 397 (2005) 209-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.022
[21] J. Korzekwa et al., Tribological behaviour of Al2O3/inorganic fullerene-like WS2 composite layer sliding against plastic, International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering 10 (2016) 570-584. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSURFSE.2016.081035
[22] A. Szczotok et al., The Impact of the Thickness of the Ceramic Shell Mould on the (γ + γ′) Eutectic in the IN713C Superalloy Airfoil Blade Casting, Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017) 587-593. https://doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0087
[23] J. Pietraszek et al., Factorial approach to assessment of GPU computational efficiency in surrogate models, Advanced Materials Research 874 (2014) 157-162. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.874.157
[24] R. Dwornicka, J. Pietraszek, The outline of the expert system for the design of experiment, Prod. Eng. Arch. 20 (2018) 43-48. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2018.20.09
[25] D. Klimecka-Tatar, R. Dwornicka, The assembly process stability assessment based on the strength parameters statistical control of complex metal products, METAL 2019 – 28th Int. Conf. Metall. Mater. (2019) 709-714.
[26] J. Pietraszek et al., Modeling of errors counting system for PCB soldered in the wave soldering technology, Advanced Materials Research 874 (2014) 139-143. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.874.139
[27] J. Pietraszek et al., Challenges for the DOE methodology related to the introduction of Industry 4.0, Prod. Eng. Arch. 26 (2020) 190-194. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2020.26.33
[28] J. Pietraszek, Fuzzy regression compared to classical experimental design in the case of flywheel assembly, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7267 LNAI (2012) 310-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29347-4_36
[29] J. Pietraszek, The modified sequential-binary approach for fuzzy operations on correlated assessments, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7894 LNAI (2013) 353-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38658-9_32
[30] K. Czerwińska, A. Pacana, Analysis of the maturity of process monitoring in manufacturing companies, Prod. Eng. Arch. 28 (2022) 246-251. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2022.28.30
[31] J. Pietraszek, A. Gadek-Moszczak, The smooth bootstrap approach to the distribution of a shape in the ferritic stainless steel AISI 434L powders, Solid State Phenomena 197 (2013) 162-167. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.197.162
[32] E. Skrzypczak-Pietraszek, J. Pietraszek, Chemical profile and seasonal variation of phenolic acid content in bastard balm (Melittis melissophyllum L., Lamiaceae), Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 66 (2012) 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.037
[33] T. Lipiński, J. Pietraszek, Corrosion of the S235JR Carbon Steel after Normalizing and Overheating Annealing in 2.5% Sulphuric Acid at Room Temperature, Materials Research Proceedings 24 (2022) 102-108. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902059-16
