Analysis of Coolant Selection for Machining Processes in the Context of Sustainable Development
Dominika SIWIEC, Andrzej PACANA, Renata DWORNICKA
Abstract. Sustainable product development is a key activity in the dynamic development of enterprises. For some products, achieving satisfactory quality while limiting negative environmental impact and optimizing production costs remains a significant challenge. An example of such products is cutting fluids. Although widely used, they are relatively expensive and have a negative impact on human health and the environment. Therefore, techniques are sought to support the selection process. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a method to support decision-making in product selection, using cutting fluids as an example. The TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method was presented and tested. Five cutting fluids were considered and analyzed based on criteria related to quality, environmental impact, and cost. These criteria included: 5% emulsion pH, hand refractometer coefficient, kinematic viscosity at 40°C [mm²/s], density at 15°C [g/ml], capacity (l), purchase price (PLN), and environmental impact. As a result, a ranking of the analyzed products was developed, which allows for selecting a coolant that meets the assumed quality, environmental, and cost requirements. The proposed method can be used to analyze other products as part of their sustainable selection.
Keywords
Sustainable Product Development, Decision Support, TOPSIS, Machining, Production Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Published online 1/25/2026, 8 pages
Copyright © 2026 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Dominika SIWIEC, Andrzej PACANA, Renata DWORNICKA, Analysis of Coolant Selection for Machining Processes in the Context of Sustainable Development, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 62, pp 94-101, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644904015-13
The article was published as article 13 of the book Terotechnology XIV
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
References
[1] U.S. Dixit, D. K. Sarma, J.P. Davim, Environmentally Friendly Machining (2012). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2308-9
[2] P. Kumar et al., Sustainable Machining Using Eco-Friendly Cutting Fluids: A Review. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2022 (2022) 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5284471
[3] K. Hassan, Comparative life cycle analysis of environmental and machining performance under sustainable lubrication techniques, Hybrid Advances 1 (2022) art. 100004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hybadv.2022.100004
[4] G.M. Minquiz et al., Sustainable assessment of a milling manufacturing process based on economic tool life and energy modeling, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 45(7) (2023) art. 365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-023-04189-8
[5] H.A. Kishawy et al., Sustainability Assessment during Machining Ti-6Al-4V with Nano-Additives-Based Minimum Quantity Lubrication, Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 3 (2019) art. 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3030061
[6] X. Luo et al., Sustainable development of cutting fluids: The comprehensive review of vegetable oil. J. Clean. Prod. 473 (2024) 143544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143544
[7] A. Kumar et al., State-of-the-Art in Sustainable Machining of Different Materials Using Nano Minimum Quality Lubrication (NMQL), Lubricants 11 (2023) art. 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11020064
[8] M. Korzynski et al., Fatigue strength of chromium coated elements and possibility of its improvement with ball peening. Surf. Coat. Technol. 204 (2009) 615-620, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.08.049.
[9] F.Z. El Abdelaoui et al., Optimization techniques for energy efficiency in machining processes—a review, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 125 (2023) 2967-3001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-10927-y
[10] A. Pacana et al., Effect of selected factors of the production process of stretch film for its resistance to puncture. Przemysł Chemiczny 93 (2014) 2263-2264.
[11] M. Bertolini et al., A TOPSIS-based approach for the best match between manufacturing technologies and product specifications, Expert Systems with App. 159 (2020) art. 113610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113610
[12] D. Siwiec, A. Pacana, A New Model Supporting Stability Quality of Materials and Industrial Products. Materials 15 (2022) art. 4440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134440
[13] A. Pacana, D. Siwiec, Method of Determining Sequence Actions of Products Improvement. Materials 15 (2022) art.6321. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186321
[14] D. Siwiec, A. Pacana. A framework for total quality product in life cycle assessment (TQLCA), Res. Eng. Design 36 (2025) art.16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00163-025-00457-x
[15] A. Pacana et al., Analysis of the incompatibility of the product with fluorescent method, Metalurgija 58 (2019) 337-340.
[16] A. Zadeh Sarraf et al., Developing TOPSIS method using statistical normalization for selecting knowledge management strategies, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 6 (2013) 860-875. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.573
[17] C.-T. Chen, Extensions of the TOPSIS for group decision-making under fuzzy environment. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 114 (2000) 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0114(97)00377-1
[18] S. Vinodh et al., Sustainable concept selection using modified fuzzy TOPSIS: a case study, Int. J. Sust. Eng. 6 (2013) 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2012.682100
[19] J. Pietraszek, A. Goroshko, The heuristic approach to the selection of experimental design, model and valid pre-processing transformation of DoE outcome, Advanced Materials Research 874 (2014) 145-149. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.874.145
[20] J. Pietraszek et al., Challenges for the DOE methodology related to the introduction of Industry 4.0, Prod. Eng. Arch. 26 (2020) 190-194. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2020.26.33
[21] R. Ulewicz, Application of servqual method for evaluation of quality of educational services at the university of higher education, Polish Journal of Management Studies 9 (2014) 254-264.
[22] M. Nowicka-Skowron, R. Ulewicz, Quality management in logistics processes in metal branch, METAL 2015 – 24th Int. Conf. Metall. Mater. (2015) 1707-1712.
[23] R. Ulewicz, F. Nový, Quality management systems in special processes, Transportation Research Procedia 40 (2019) 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.019
[24] R. Ulewicz, Quality management system operation in the woodworking industry, The Path Forward for Wood Products: A Global Perspective – Proc. Sci. Papers (2016) 51-56.
[25] T. Lipiński, R. Ulewicz, The effect of the impurities spaces on the quality of structural steel working at variable loads, Open Eng. 11 (2021) 233-238. https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0024
[26] R. Ulewicz et al., Sustainable Vehicle Design Considering Quality Level and Life Cycle Environmental Assessment (LCA), Energies 16 (2023) art. 8122. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16248122
[27] R. Ulewicz et al., Logistic controlling processes and quality issues in a cast iron foundry, Materials Research Proceedings 17 (2020) 65-71. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644901038-10
[28] N. Radek et al., Formation of coatings with technologies using concentrated energy stream, Prod. Eng. Arch. 28 (2022) 117-122. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2022.28.13
[29] N. Radek et al., Operational properties of DLC coatings and their potential application, METAL 2022 – 31st Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., (2022) 531-536. https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2022.4491
[30] N. Radek, J. Konstanty, Cermet ESD coatings modified by laser treatment, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57 (2012) 665-670. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0071-y
[31] N. Radek et al., The effect of laser treatment on operational properties of ESD coatings, METAL 2021 – 30th Int. Conf. Metall. Mater. (2021) 876-882. https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4212
[32] A. Kalinowski et al., Laser surface texturing: characteristics and applications, System Safety: Human-Technical Facility-Environment 5 (2023) 240-248. https://doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2023-0026
[33] Ł.J. Orman et al., Laser Treatment of Surfaces for Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement, Materials 16 (2023) art. 1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041365
[34] N. Radek et al., The influence of plasma cutting parameters on the geometric structure of cut surfaces, Mater. Res. Proc. 17 (2020) 132-137. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644901038-20
[35] A. Dudek et al., Laser Surface Alloying of Sintered Stainless Steel, Materials 15 (2022) art. 6061. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176061
[36] A. Kalinowski et al., The effect of laser infrared radiation on the surface modification of DLC coatings, AIP Conf. Proc. 3130 (2024) art. 020014. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0204985
[37] M. Ulewicz, A. Pietrzak, Properties and structure of concretes doped with production waste of thermoplastic elastomers from the production of car floor mats, Materials 14 (2021) art. 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040872
[38] E. Skrzypczak-Pietraszek, A.G. Pietraszek, Phytoremediation and Allelopathy as an Element of Sustainable Circular Economy to Prevent Environmental Pollution, Materials Research Proceedings 45 (2024) 140-145. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903315-17
[39] A. Pietrzak et al., Application of a Mixture of Fly Ash and Solid Waste from Gas Treatment from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration in Cement Mortar, Materials 18 (2025) art. 481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030481
[40] J. Pietraszek, A. Gadek-Moszczak, The smooth bootstrap approach to the distribution of a shape in the ferritic stainless steel AISI 434L powders, Solid State Phenomena 197 (2013) 162-167. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.197.162
[41] J. Pietraszek, Fuzzy regression compared to classical experimental design in the case of flywheel assembly, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7267 LNAI (2012) 310-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29347-4_36
[42] J. Pietraszek, The modified sequential-binary approach for fuzzy operations on correlated assessments, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7894 LNAI (2013) 353-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38658-9_32
[43] E. Skrzypczak-Pietraszek, J. Pietraszek, Chemical profile and seasonal variation of phenolic acid content in bastard balm (Melittis melissophyllum L., Lamiaceae), Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 66 (2012) 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.037
[44] E. Skrzypczak-Pietraszek, J. Pietraszek, Seasonal changes of flavonoid content in Melittis melissophyllum L. (Lamiaceae), Chemistry and Biodiversity 11 (2014) 562-570. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201300148
[45] J. Pietraszek, E. Skrzypczak-Pietraszek, The optimization of the technological process with the fuzzy regression, Advanced Materials Research 874 (2014) 151-155. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.874.151
[46] J. Pietraszek, E. Skrzypczak-Pietraszek, The uncertainty and robustness of the principal component analysis as a tool for the dimensionality reduction, Solid State Phenomena 235 (2015) 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.235.1
