Characterization of Biodegradable Magnesium Tin Oxide as a Preliminary Study for 3-D Printing of Bio-Based Filament Feedstock
R.A. Malek, N.E.R. Azman, S.H.M. Salleh, Nur Hidayah Ahmad Zaidi
Abstract. Recent research has introduced a new class of implant materials made from degradable metals, offering superior initial stability for bone implants. The unique combination of mechanical, electrochemical, and biological properties in these Mg-based Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) makes them an increasingly popular choice for biodegradable biomaterials. This study focused on developing biodegradable Magnesium Tin Oxide (MgSnO₃) as a preliminary step toward fabricating Three-Dimensional (3D) printing biofilament feedstock. Accordingly, samples were fabricated using powder metallurgy techniques, with Sn additions ranging from 3 to 5 wt.%, compacted at approximately 1,500psi, and sintered at 300°C with a heating rate of 10°C/min. Pure Magnesium (Mg), which contains 100% Mg powder, served as the control sample. The physicochemical properties of the samples were analyzed through microstructural observation, thermal decomposition behavior, and immersion tests in simulated body fluid in a controlled environment. Overall, these analyses provided insight into the microstructure of materials, thermal stability, and biocompatibility, which are crucial for their potential use in medical implants. The findings reveal that the addition of wt.% Tin (Sn) to Mg powder affected the physical properties by inducing phase segregation, stabilizing the material, reducing thermal degradation, and preventing cracking during immersion. However, adding 4 wt.% Sn and above led to contradictory results, with negative impacts on the material’s performance.
Keywords
Magnesium Tin Oxide, Biodegradable Filament, 3D Printing Biofilament, Biomaterials Application
Published online 1/15/2026, 8 pages
Copyright © 2026 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: R.A. Malek, N.E.R. Azman, S.H.M. Salleh, Nur Hidayah Ahmad Zaidi, Characterization of Biodegradable Magnesium Tin Oxide as a Preliminary Study for 3-D Printing of Bio-Based Filament Feedstock, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 60, pp 93-100, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903971-13
The article was published as article 13 of the book Frontiers of Chemical and Materials Engineering
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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