Green Valorization of Palm Oil Solid Condensate using Supercritical CO2 Ethanol Extraction for Rich-Bioactive Compounds
Noor Azwani MOHD RASIDEK, Liza MD SALLEH, Nurizzati MOHD DAUD, Noor Sabariah MAHAT, Zuhaili IDHAM, Mohammad Lokman HILMI, Muhammad Abbas AHMAD ZAINI
Abstract. Palm oil sterilization condensate (POSteC), a milling by-product, is rich in bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. This study valorized its solid fraction (POSC) using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO₂–ethanol across 40–80°C and 10–30 MPa. Extraction yield, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AA) were assessed, alongside LC-MS/MS profiling of anti-inflammatory constituents. TPC increased with harsher conditions, peaking at 52.214 mg/g GAE DW (80°C, 30 MPa), whereas TFC was highest under mild conditions (155.384 mg/g QE DW at 40°C, 10 MPa) due to thermal sensitivity. AA remained consistently high (>95%), indicating preserved radical-scavenging potential. Key bioactives, including pseudobrucine, fawcettiine, and eclalbasaponin V, were linked to NF-κB and COX pathway modulation. Overall, mid SFE conditions (60°C, 20 MPa) provided the most balanced phytochemical profile. These findings demonstrate SFE as a green strategy to convert POSC into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory-rich extracts for nutraceutical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.
Keywords
Palm Oil Sterilization Condensate, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Phenolic, Antioxidant Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Potential
Published online 1/15/2026, 8 pages
Copyright © 2026 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Noor Azwani MOHD RASIDEK, Liza MD SALLEH, Nurizzati MOHD DAUD, Noor Sabariah MAHAT, Zuhaili IDHAM, Mohammad Lokman HILMI, Muhammad Abbas AHMAD ZAINI, Green Valorization of Palm Oil Solid Condensate using Supercritical CO2 Ethanol Extraction for Rich-Bioactive Compounds, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 59, pp 193-200, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903957-25
The article was published as article 25 of the book Separation Technology
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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