Optimization of Amygdalin Extraction from Prunus Armeniaca Kernels for Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials
Sayed Ibrahim WAFA, Lee Suan CHUA, Roshafima RASIT ALI
Abstract. Amygdalin is one of the compounds contributing to the major pharmacological properties of Prunus armeniaca kernels. Clinical trials have proved the anticancer activity of amygdalin, and its pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-fibrotic and many more. This study was to investigate the effect of extraction parameters such as temperature, solvent ratio and particles size on ground P. armeniaca kernels powder to obtain the high extraction yield of amygdalin. Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) was utilized to recover amygdalin from the kernels. The operating variables such as temperatures (27-60oC), ethanol concentration (10-90%) and particle size (20-40 mesh) were varied using the technique of one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) for optimization. The results found that the extraction temperature of 60C in 70% ethanol using mesh 40 (400 µm) of particle size exhibited the highest concentration of amygdalin 326.92±3.11 mg/g of extract powder. The lowest and the highest of amygdalin content of samples were also compared for their anti-oxidant potential by correlating their radical scavenging ability (DPPH and ABTS) and reducing power (FRAP). The kernels extract with the highest amygdalin content showed higher anti-oxidant capacity in both DPPH and FRAP assays with the effective concentration at 137.92±21.87 mg GAE/100g and 101.19±0.14 mg GAE/100g, respectively. However, there was no significant difference for the ABTS results between the lowest and highest amygdalin content of P. armeniaca kernels extract. Albumin assay showed the significant anti-inflammatory action (32.48±609.70 g DCFE/100g). As a conclusion, the optimization of UAE produced higher content of amygdalin and enhanced better anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of P. armeniaca kernels.
Keywords
Amygdalin, Prunus Armeniaca, Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction
Published online 1/15/2026, 11 pages
Copyright © 2026 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Sayed Ibrahim WAFA, Lee Suan CHUA, Roshafima RASIT ALI, Optimization of Amygdalin Extraction from Prunus Armeniaca Kernels for Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 59, pp 87-97, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903957-12
The article was published as article 12 of the book Separation Technology
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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