Parametric Evaluation of Subcritical Water Extraction of Oleoresin from Syzygium Aromaticum via Factorial Design Approach
Noor Amirah ABDUL HALIM, Sharifah Zati Hanani SYED ZUBER, Rozaini ABDULLAH, Ain Nur Najwa ABDULLAH
Abstract. The growing demand for natural products underscores the need for efficient and sustainable extraction of bioactives. Oleoresin from Syzygium Aromaticum (S.aromaticum) is highly valued for its functional and therapeutic properties, with promising applications in the food and nutraceuticals. This study employed subcritical water extraction (SWE) and full factorial design (FFD) to assess four variables; particle size (0.2–15 mm), sample-to-solvent ratio (0.05–0.25 g mL⁻¹), extraction temperature (120–180 °C), and extraction time (10–50 min) on the oleoresin yield. The highest yield (53.9%) was obtained at 0.2 mm, 0.05 g mL⁻¹, 120 °C, and 50 min. Statistical analysis revealed that particle size and sample-to-solvent ratio as the most significant factors, with a notable interaction between them. Main effects and interactions of all factors were evaluated to provide mechanistic insights into the SWE process. The developed regression model showed excellent predictive performance (R² = 0.97), supporting the robustness of the factorial design for modelling S.aromaticum oleoresin extraction through SWE.
Keywords
Subcritical Water Extraction, Syzigium Aromaticum, Oleoresin, Factorial Design
Published online 1/15/2026, 8 pages
Copyright © 2026 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Noor Amirah ABDUL HALIM, Sharifah Zati Hanani SYED ZUBER, Rozaini ABDULLAH, Ain Nur Najwa ABDULLAH, Parametric Evaluation of Subcritical Water Extraction of Oleoresin from Syzygium Aromaticum via Factorial Design Approach, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 59, pp 72-79, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903957-10
The article was published as article 10 of the book Separation Technology
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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