Stability and Durability of Graphene-based Materials for Supercapacitor Applications: Challenges and Solutions
HARITHA Valiyaveettil, BINITHA N. Narayanan
Supercapacitors are vital for next-generation energy storage due to their high-power density, rapid charge-discharge capability, and long cycle life. Graphene-based electrodes are well-suited for supercapacitors due to their exceptional conductivity and large surface area. However, several challenges hinder long-term durability; pristine graphene restacks, thereby reducing ion accessibility, while reduced graphene oxide (rGO), though cost-effective, has structural defects, low surface area, and lower conductivity. High-quality graphene obtained by chemical vapor deposition offers high conductivity but is costly and lacks functionalities that aid nanocomposite formation which is necessary for improved performance. One solution to these issues lies in the edge functionalization of graphene via various mechanochemical graphite exfoliation methods, particularly ball milling, which introduces active sites without affecting the in-plane π-conjugation, retaining conductivity, and also preventing layer restacking. Structural modifications, such as heteroatom doping, porosity introduction, development of 3D architectures, nanocomposite formation, etc., enhance the energy density of high-power-density graphene-based electrodes. Additionally, integrating graphene with other conductive layered materials improves electrochemical activity and stability, delivering excellent supercapacitor performance. Together, these strategies improve the durability and stability of supercapacitors, paving the way for cost-effective, high-performance, and high-quality graphene-based energy storage systems. This chapter explores the advantages and current challenges associated with graphene-based supercapacitors while examining potential solutions to overcome the limitations.
Keywords
Graphene, Supercapacitor, Stability & Durability, Graphite Exfoliation, Edge-Functionalization
Published online 10/20/2025, 25 pages
Citation: HARITHA Valiyaveettil, BINITHA N. Narayanan, Stability and Durability of Graphene-based Materials for Supercapacitor Applications: Challenges and Solutions, Materials Research Foundations, Vol. 182, pp 135-159, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903797-10
Part of the book on Electrocatalysts and Advanced Materials for Sustainable Energy Storage
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