Analysis of fatigue behaviour of self-piercing riveted joints under cyclic loading using laser vibrometry
Viktoria Olfert, Maik Gollnick, Keke Yang, Jacob Krause, David Hein, Gerson Meschut
Abstract. In the field of online condition monitoring, non-destructive testing methods using active acoustic testing [1] emerged as innovative tools. These techniques are particularly effective because damage in joined structures leads to significant changes in their vibrational characteristics. However, the consistent use of online condition monitoring through active acoustic testing combined with complex pattern recognition for early crack detection in joined components has not yet been fully established. This research aims to develop an online crack detection system employing pattern recognition techniques under cyclic loading during fatigue tests, utilizing non-contact active acoustic testing with laser vibrometry. Due to the wide range of materials that can be joined, mechanical joining processes can be used in many different industry branches. Self-pierce riveting (SPR), in particular, is a well-established joining process. Therefore, the investigations for online crack detection initially focus on SPR joints. To achieve this, the fatigue behavior of SPR joints in a lap-shear configuration was characterized. Experimental fatigue testing demonstrated that SPR joint failure occurs either through cracks propagating in the sheet material away from the rivet or in the rivet foot, depending on the material combination. Laser vibrometry has been successfully used as a crack detection system and has proven to be effective in detecting crack initiation in SPR joints. Cracks can be detected without contact regardless of the material combination, the damage location, the size of the damage, or the type of damage. The optimization of the crack detection system involved several key enhancements, including adjusting data acquisition to improve crack detection, incorporating principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality, and implementing a classification model based on a global training dataset. An intuitive, problem-specific software demonstrator for analyzing the crack initiation behavior of SPR joints under cyclic loading was developed and iteratively optimized. Future work will focus on the implementation of an autoencoder network to further enhance crack detection capabilities.
Keywords
Self-Piercing Riveting, Fatigue Failure, Laser Vibrometry
Published online 5/7/2025, 10 pages
Copyright © 2025 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Viktoria Olfert, Maik Gollnick, Keke Yang, Jacob Krause, David Hein, Gerson Meschut, Analysis of fatigue behaviour of self-piercing riveted joints under cyclic loading using laser vibrometry, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 54, pp 1422-1431, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903599-154
The article was published as article 154 of the book Material Forming
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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