Tribological behavior and microstructure of IN718 produced by SPS in comparison with LMD and forged grades
Pierre GOREZ, Foad NAIMI, Eric FEULVARCH, Vincent FRIDRICI
Abstract Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) was evaluated for its potential to enhance the wear resistance of Inconel 718, a key material for copper extrusion dies. Comparative wear tests assessed the tribological and mechanical performance of SPS-produced parts versus Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) and wrought parts. The study reveals that SPS, especially with ball-milled powders followed by aging, yields materials with significantly higher hardness and comparable wear resistance to LMD, despite distinct microstructures. Forged materials demonstrated superior performance, attributed to their nearly defect-free nature. The study highlights the influence of carbide stability and distribution in SPS materials as a promising route for optimization. These findings underscore SPS’s ability to compete with traditional methods, offering tailored properties for high-demand applications and potential cost-efficiency improvements.
Keywords
Wear, Tribology, SPS, Ball-Milling, Direct Aging, Inconel 718, Hardness
Published online 5/7/2025, 10 pages
Copyright © 2025 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Pierre GOREZ, Foad NAIMI, Eric FEULVARCH, Vincent FRIDRICI, Tribological behavior and microstructure of IN718 produced by SPS in comparison with LMD and forged grades, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 54, pp 1134-1143, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903599-123
The article was published as article 123 of the book Material Forming
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
References
[1] D. Delagnes, et Al, ‘Influence of testing and tempering temperatures on fatigue behaviour, life and crack initiation mechanisms in a 5%Cr martensitic steel’, Procedia Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 427–439, Apr. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.03.047
[2] D. Gheorghe, M. Schwartz, I. Ciuca, and R. Ciocoiu, ‘A Comparative Microstructure Evolution of AISI H21 and Inconel 718 in Cyclic Heating’, Materiale Plastice, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 454–459, Sep. 2018.
[3] M. Schwartz, R. Ciocoiu, D. Gheorghe, G. Jula, and I. Ciucă, ‘Preliminary research for using Rene 41 in confectioning extrusion dies’, presented at the MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2015, València, Spain, Apr. 2015, pp. 95–106. doi: 10.2495/MC150091
[4] S. Lechner, ‘Progression of plastic die deformation during copper extrusion’, presented at the Material Forming, May 2023, pp. 523–532. doi: 10.21741/9781644902479-57
[5] A. Bolsonella, et Al, ‘Influence of oxygen induced during high-energy ball milling process on the mechanical properties of sintered nickel by SPS’, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 856, p. 157869, Mar. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157869
[6] M. Madej, B. Leszczyńska-Madej, and D. Garbiec, ‘High Speed Steel with Iron Addition Materials Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering’, Metals, vol. 10, no. 11, Art. no. 11, Nov. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111549
[7] S. Yan, et Al, ‘Enhancing Mechanical Properties of the Spark Plasma Sintered Inconel 718 Alloy by Controlling the Nano-Scale Precipitations’, Materials, vol. 12, no. 20, p. 3336, Oct. 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203336
[8] R. Shashanka, ‘Non-lubricated dry sliding wear behavior of spark plasma sintered nano-structured stainless steel’, 2019.
[9] ‘Ni718_PearlMicrov2_AM_GB.pdf’. Accessed: Dec. 19, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.aubertduval.com/wp-media/uploads/2018/05/Ni718_PearlMicrov2_AM_GB.pdf
[10] L.-Y. Ma, et Al, ‘Pulse current enhanced densification and mechanical property of Inconel 718 superalloy fabricated by spark plasma sintering’, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 913, p. 147061, Oct. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.147061
[11] T. Zurcher, et Al, ‘Effect of the scanning strategy and tribological conditions on the wear resistance of IN718 obtained by Laser Metal Deposition’, Wear, vol. 534–535, p. 205152, Dec. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2023.205152
[12] K. Leksycki and J. B. Królczyk, ‘Comparative assessment of the surface topography for different optical profilometry techniques after dry turning of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy’, Measurement, vol. 169, p. 108378, Feb. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108378
[13] W. C. Oliver and G. M. Pharr, ‘Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology’, J. Mater. Res., vol. 19, no. 1, 2004.
[14] S. Yan, et Al, ‘Fabrication of highly compact Inconel 718 alloy by spark plasma sintering and solution treatment followed by aging’, Vacuum, vol. 163, pp. 194–203, May 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.01.048
[15] X. Wang, J. Duan, K. Song, J. Xing, and J. Feng, ‘Microstructure, mechanical properties and arc erosion behavior of CuW composites prepared by high energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering’, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, vol. 119, p. 106523, Feb. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2023.106523
[16] E. O. Hall, ‘The Deformation and Ageing of Mild Steel: III Discussion of Results’, Proc. Phys. Soc. B, vol. 64, no. 9, p. 747, Sep. 1951. https://doi.org/10.1088/0370-1301/64/9/303
[17] N.J. Petch, ‘The cleavage strength of polycrystals’, J Iron Steel Inst, pp. 25–28, 1953.
[18] B. P. Kashyap and M. C. Chaturvedi, ‘The effect of prior annealing on high temperature flow properties of and microstructural evolution in SPF grade IN718 superalloy’, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 445–446, pp. 364–373, Feb. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.053
[19] F. Theska, et Al, ‘On conventional versus direct ageing of Alloy 718’, Acta Materialia, vol. 156, pp. 116–124, Sep. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.06.034
[20] Y. Zhao, et Al, ‘Phase transformations during continuous cooling in Inconel 718 alloys manufactured by laser powder bed fusion and suction casting’, Materials Characterization, vol. 185, p. 111764, Mar. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2022.111764
[21] M. Anderson, et Al, ‘δ Phase precipitation in Inconel 718 and associated mechanical properties’, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 679, pp. 48–55, Jan. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.09.114
