Performance evaluation of asphalt binder modified with olive mill wastewater ash (OMWA)

Performance evaluation of asphalt binder modified with olive mill wastewater ash (OMWA)

Madhar M. TAAMNEH, Aiman Q. JARADAT, Musab ABUADDOUS, Samer R. RABAB’AH, Jawad TAAMNEH

Abstract. Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a liquid by-product generated from olive oil processing and represents a significant environmental concern regarding their disposal and management. This paper was carried out to examine the potential use of the Olive Mill Wastewater Ash (OMWA) as a modifier for asphalt binder. An asphalt binder with a penetration grade of 60/70 was used as the control binder in this study. OMWA was added to the base asphalt binder at various amounts (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% by weight of asphalt binder). Asphalt binder’s physical and rheological properties, such as penetration, ductility, softening point, flash/fire points, and rotational viscosity, were investigated. The laboratory test results revealed that increasing the amount of OMWA in the asphalt binder blend decreased penetration and ductility while increasing the softening point, rotational viscosity, and fire and flash of OMWA-modified asphalt binder. Hence, it is recommended that the OMWA modifier be used in warm regions to resist the plastic deformation of asphalt mixtures. This approach demonstrates the potential for converting waste into a valuable resource in infrastructure development, thereby improving both sustainability and road construction performance.

Keywords
Asphalt Binder, Olive Mill Wastewater Ash, Penetration, Softening Point, Viscosity

Published online 2/25/2025, 10 pages
Copyright © 2025 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA

Citation: Madhar M. TAAMNEH, Aiman Q. JARADAT, Musab ABUADDOUS, Samer R. RABAB’AH, Jawad TAAMNEH, Performance evaluation of asphalt binder modified with olive mill wastewater ash (OMWA), Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 48, pp 1020-1029, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903414-110

The article was published as article 110 of the book Civil and Environmental Engineering for Resilient, Smart and Sustainable Solutions

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

References
[1] Komnitsas, K., Modis, K., Doula, M., Kavvadias, V., Sideri, D., Zaharaki, D., 2016. Geostatistical estimation of risk for soil and water in the vicinity of olive mill wastewater disposal sites. Desalin. Water Treat. 57 (7), 2982-2995. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.983988
[2] Garcia-Castello E, Cassano A, Criscuoli A, Conidi C, Drioli E (2010) Recovery and concentration of polyphenols from olive mill wastewaters by integrated membrane system. Water Res 44:3883-3892 190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.005
[3] Rahmanian, N., Jafari, S.M., Galanakis, C.M., 2014. Recovery and removal of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 91, 1e18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2350-9
[4] Zagklis, D.P., Vavouraki, A.I., Kornaros, M.E., Paraskeva, C.A., 2015. Purification of olive mill wastewater phenols through membrane filtration and resin adsorption/desorption. J. Hazard. Mater. 285, 69e76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.11.038
[5] Jaradat A. Q. and Gharaibeh S.; M. Abu Irjei. 2017 “The application of solar distillation technique as a mean for olive mill wastewater management”. Water and Environment Journal, 32 (18), 134-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/wej.12308
[6] S. Gharaibeh and Aiman Q. Jaradat (2017). “Obtaining a new source of biofuel from olive mill wastewater using solar energy”. Energ. Ecol. Environ, 2 (1), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-016-0046-3
[7] Miranda, T., Esteban, A., Rojas, S., Montero, I., & Ruiz, A. (2008). Combustion analysis of different olive residues. International journal of molecular sciences, 9(4), 512-525 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9040512
[8] Gonçalves, M.R., Freitas, P., Marques, I.P., 2012. Bioenergy recovery from olive mill wastewater in a hybrid reactor. Biomass Bioenerg. 39, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.01.014
[9] Lamontagnea J, Dumas P, Mouillet V. Comparison by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of different ageing techniques: application to road bitumens. Fuel 2001;80:483-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00121-6
[10] Cortizo MS, Larsen DO, Bianchetto H. “Effect of the thermal degradation of SBS copolymers during the ageing of modified asphalts”. PolymDegrad Stab 2004;86:275-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.05.006
[11] Giavarini, C., De Filippis, P., Santarelli, M. L., & Scarsella, M. (1996). Production of stable polypropylene-modified bitumens. Fuel, 75(6), 681-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00312-6
[12] Gonzalez O, Munoz ME, Santamarfa A. Rheology and stability of bitumen/EVA blends. Eur Polym J 2004;40:2365-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.06.001
[13] Camille AI, Debs P. Experimental study of epoxy repairing of cracks in concrete. Constr Build Mater 2007;21:157-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.030
[14] Morales M, Partal P, Navarro FJ. Viscous properties and microstructure of recycled eva modified Bitumen. Fuel 2004;83:31-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(03)00217-5
[15] Alsheyab, M. and Khedaywi, T. (2013). Effect of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) on properties of asphalt cement mixture”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Volume 70, PP. 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.10.003
[16] Khedeywi, T, and Alsheyab M., “Laboratory Invistigation to Evaluate the Effect of Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) on Properties of Asphalt Concrete” Environment and Natural Resources Research, Volume 4, No. 1, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v4n1p1
[17] Al-Khateeb, G. and Al-Akhras, N. (2011). Properties of Portland cement-modifies asphalt binder using Superpave tests” Construction and Builiding Materials, Volume 25, Issue2, pp. 926-932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.091
[18] Khattak, M, Khattab, A, Rizvi, H, and Zhang, P., “The impact of carbon-fiber modification on asphalt binder rheology” Construction and Builiding Materials, Volume 30, pp. 257-264, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.022
[19] Alsheyab, M. A., Khedaywi, T. S., & Elayan, M. S. (2013). Laboratory study on solidification/stabilization of unwanted medications using asphalt as a binder. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 15, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-012-0099-0
[20] Khedaywi, T, Al-Khateeb, G, and Irfaeya, M., “Effect of Medical Ash on Shear Properties of Asphalt Binder Using Superpave Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR)”. Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, Volume 38, No.1, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5276/JSWTM.2012.19
[21] Cong, P, Xun, P, Xing, M, and Chen, S., “Investigation of asphalt binder containing various crumb rubbers and asphalts”. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 40, pp. 632-641, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.063
[22] Ali Khasawneh, M., Taamneh, M., Al-Omari, A. A., Harahsheh, T., & Al-Hosainat, A. (2020). Experimental and statistical evaluation of asphalt binders produced in jordan treated with different modifiers. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 32(2), 04019342 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003003
[23] Abuaddous, M., Taamneh, M. M., & Rabab’ah, S. R. (2021). The potential use of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET) plastic waste in asphalt binder. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 14, 579-587 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0120-2
[24] Geckil, T., Issi, S., & Ince, C. B. (2022). Evaluation of prina for use in asphalt modification. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 17, e01623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01623
[25] Fareed, A., Zaidi, S. B. A., Ahmad, N., Hafeez, I., Ali, A., & Ahmad, M. F. (2020). Use of agricultural waste ashes in asphalt binder and mixture: A sustainable solution to waste management. Construction and Building Materials, 259, 120575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120575
[26] Chen, Z., Yu, D., & Feng, Z. (2024). Aging Resistance and Microcharacteristics of Asphalt Modified by Biochar from Spent Coffee Grounds. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 36(9), 05024008. https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-18236
[27] Zhang, K., Zhao, H., & Wang, S. C. (2022). Upcycle olive pomace as antioxidant and recycling agent in asphalt paving materials. Construction and Building Materials, 330, 127217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127217
[28] Loise, V., Abe, A. A., Porto, M., Muzzalupo, I., Madeo, L., Colella, M. F., … & Caputo, P. (2024). Plant Waste-Based Bioadditive as an Antioxidant Agent and Rheological Modifier of Bitumen. Materials, 17(10), 2303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17102303
[29] Li, B., Han, J., Wei, D., Ji, H., Yao, T., Wang, H., … & Zhang, Y. (2024). A molecular dynamics simulation study on the recovery performance of aged asphalt binder by waste vegetable oil rejuvenators. Journal of Cleaner Production, 442, 140796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140796
[30] ASTM D5/D5M-13. Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013.
[31] ASTM D113-17. Standard Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017.
[32] ASTM D70-18. Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Asphalt Binder (Pycnometer Method). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018.
[33] ASTM D36/D36M-14. Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014.
[34] ASTM D92-18. Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018.
[35] ASTM D4402/D4402M-23. Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2023.
[36] ASTM E1756-20. Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Solids in Biomass. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020.
[37] ASTM E1755-20. Standard Test Method for Ash in Biomass. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020.
[38] Xue, Y, Wu, S, Cai, J, Zhou, M, and Zha, j. (2014). Effects of two biomass ashes on asphalt binder: Dynamic shear rheological characteristic analysis. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 56, pp. 7-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.075