Moisture-induced damage in asphalt concrete pavement: A review paper to uncover the stripping phenomenon
Mohammad Ali KHASAWNEH, Ansam SAWALHA, Mohammad Ahmad ALSHEYAB, Ahmad Ali KHASAWNEH, Amani SAWALHA
Abstract. Asphalt concrete pavement is considered a versatile and affordable material for constructing durable roads. However, despite its obvious advantages, this type of infrastructure is highly susceptible to various types of distress, which can affect its performance and service life. Moisture-induced damage, sometimes known as “stripping,” has arisen as a major concern among these distress mechanisms in recent years. Moisture-induced damage occurs when water infiltrates the pavement, weakening the asphalt-aggregate bond and causing a variety of distresses that compromise the performance and durability of the pavement. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that cause moisture-induced damage is crucial for developing effective preventive and mitigation strategies. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the moisture-induced damage phenomenon, focusing on the stripping mechanism in asphalt concrete pavements. Compared with previous publications, this article highlighted the main predictive models for predicting moisture-induced damage and served as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers involved in the design, construction, and maintenance of asphalt concrete pavements, fostering continued advancements in the field, and promoting sustainable and resilient infrastructure systems. Finally, it is recommended to use machine learning (ML) and artificial neural networks (ANN) for moisture-induced damage prediction.
Keywords
Asphalt Concrete Pavement, Moisture-Induced Damage, Stripping, Pavement
Published online 2/25/2025, 10 pages
Copyright © 2025 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Mohammad Ali KHASAWNEH, Ansam SAWALHA, Mohammad Ahmad ALSHEYAB, Ahmad Ali KHASAWNEH, Amani SAWALHA, Moisture-induced damage in asphalt concrete pavement: A review paper to uncover the stripping phenomenon, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 48, pp 941-950, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903414-102
The article was published as article 102 of the book Civil and Environmental Engineering for Resilient, Smart and Sustainable Solutions
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
References
[1] Kiggundu, B. M., & Roberts, F. L. (1988). Stripping in HMA mixtures: State-of-the-art and critical review of test methods.
[2] Cho, D. W., & Kim, K. (2010). The mechanisms of moisture damage in asphalt pavement by applying chemistry aspects. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 14, 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-010-0333-z
[3] Cui, S., Blackman, B. R., Kinloch, A. J., & Taylor, A. C. (2014). Durability of asphalt mixtures: Effect of aggregate type and adhesion promoters. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 54, 100-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2014.05.009
[4] Omar, H. A., Yusoff, N. I. M., Mubaraki, M., & Ceylan, H. (2020). Effects of moisture damage on asphalt mixtures. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 7(5), 600-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2020.07.001
[5] Miller, J. S., & Bellinger, W. Y. (2003). Distress identification manual for the long-term pavement performance program (No. FHWA-RD-03-031). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Infrastructure Research and Development.
[6] Mouillet, V., Farcas, F., & Besson, S. (2008). Ageing by UV radiation of an elastomer modified bitumen. Fuel, 87(12), 2408-2419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.02.008
[7] Santucci, L. “Minimizing Moisture Damage in Asphalt Pavements.” Pavement Technology Update, University of California Pavement Research Center, Transfer Program, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2010, pp. 1-12.
[8] Caro, S., Masad, E., Bhasin, A., & Little, D. N. (2008). Moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures, Part 1: mechanisms. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 9(2), 81-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298430701792128
[9] Wang, W., Wang, L., Xiong, H., & Luo, R. (2019). A review and perspective for research on moisture damage in asphalt pavement induced by dynamic pore water pressure. Construction and Building Materials, 204, 631-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.167
[10] Varveri, A., Zhu, J., & Kringos, N. (2015). Moisture damage in asphaltic mixtures. In Advances in asphalt materials (pp. 303-344). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100269-8.00010-6
[11] Luo, R., Huang, T., Zhang, D., & Lytton, R. L. (2017). Water vapor diffusion in asphalt mixtures under different relative humidity differentials. Construction and Building Materials, 136, 126-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.034
[12] Xiao, F., Punith, V. S., & Putman, B. J. (2013). Effect of compaction temperature on rutting and moisture resistance of foamed warm-mix-asphalt mixtures. Journal of materials in civil engineering, 25(9), 1344-1352. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000664
[13] Kavussi, A., & Hashemian, L. (2012). Laboratory evaluation of moisture damage and rutting potential of WMA foam mixes. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 13(5), 415-423. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2011.597859
[14] AASHTO. Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, Standard Method of Test for Hamburg Wheel-Track Testing of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), AASHTO Designation: T324-11, 31st ed., AASHTO, Washington, D.C., 2011.
[15] Mohammad, L. N., Elseifi, M., Cao, W., Raghavendra, A., & Ye, M. (2017). Evaluation of various Hamburg wheel-tracking devices and AASHTO T 324 specification for rutting testing of asphalt mixtures. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 8(sup4), 128-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1389092
[16] Walubita, L. F., Lee, S. I., Zhang, J., Faruk, A. N., Nguyen, S., & Scullion, T. (2014). HMA shear resistance, permanent deformation, and rutting tests for Texas mixes: year-1 report.
[17] Do, T. C. (2023). Engineering properties-based parameters used for moisture damage evaluation of asphalt mixtures: a review. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0243
[18] Park, D. W., Seo, W. J., Kim, J., & Vo, H. V. (2017). Evaluation of moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixture using liquid anti-stripping agents. Construction and Building Materials, 144, 399-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.214
[19] ASTM (2014). Standard Test Method for Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures. ASTM D4867/D4867M-09, West Conshohocken, PA.
[20] AASHTO (2008). Standard Method of Test for Resistance of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures to Moisture-Induced Damage, AASHTO T283, Washington, D.C.
[21] ASTM. (2016). Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Asphalt Mixture Cracking Resistance using the Semicircular Bend Test (SCB) at Intermediate Temperatures. ASTM D8044, West Conshohocken, PA.
[22] Ali, S. A., Ghabchi, R., Zaman, M., Rahman, M. A., & Rani, S. (2021). Laboratory characterization of moisture-induced damage potential of asphalt mixes using conventional and unconventional performance-based tests. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-021-00083-5
[23] Ali Khasawneh, M., Taamneh, M., Al-Omari, A. A., Harahsheh, T., & Al-Hosainat, A. (2020). Experimental and statistical evaluation of asphalt binders produced in jordan treated with different modifiers. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 32(2), 04019342. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003003
[24] Pickering, K. I. M. O., Sebaaly, P. E., Stroup-Gardiner, M., & Epps, J. A. (1992). Evaluation of new generation of antistripping additives. Transportation Research Record, 26-26.
[25] Polzan, P. E. (1989). Moisture susceptibility behavior of asphalt concrete and emulsified asphalt mixtures using the Freeze-thaw Pedestal Test. Transportation Research Record, (1228).
[26] lkofahi, N. & Khedaywi, T. (2019). Development of Regression Models to Estimate the Effect of Moisture on Performance of Asphalt Pavement. International Journal of Engineering and Technology. 11. 637-648.
[27] Lu, Q. (2005). Investigation of conditions for moisture damage in asphalt concrete and appropriate laboratory test methods. University of California, Berkeley.
[28] Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2010). Artificial intelligence a modern approach. London.
[29] Kohli, S., Miglani, S., & Rapariya, R. (2014). Basics of artificial neural network. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 3(9), 745-751.
[30] Kumar, A. J. B., Parihar, M. S., Murshida, P., Sunitha, V., & Mathew, S. (2022, September). Moisture Damage Prediction of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Artificial Neural Network. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of Transportation Research Group of India: CTRG 207 Volume 1 (Vol. 271, p. 123). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3505-3_10
[31] Velasquez, R., Marasteanu, M., Turos, M., Moon, K., & Olson, R. (2009). Evaluation of Surface Treatment Effectiveness Using Mechanical Testing (No. 09-1523).
