Assessment of ready-mix concrete properties in various zones of concrete samples

Assessment of ready-mix concrete properties in various zones of concrete samples

Nayeemuddin MOHAMMED, Mohammad Abdul MANNAN, Intan Nurhafizah Fazriana bt HAMZANIc, Fawzyah S ALKHAMMAS, Danish AHMED, Andi ASIZ, Mohammad Ali KHASAWNEH, Tahar AYADAT, Tasneem SULTANA

Abstract. In this work, the surface, core, and interface portions of concrete samples are examined to determine the characteristics of ready-mix concrete. The goal of the study is to comprehend how distinct zones inside concrete samples impact water absorption and compressive strength test. For the purpose of assessing these qualities, concrete samples were gathered and processed in accordance with conventional protocols. As the surface displays distinct properties from the core and interface areas, the results show notable differences in attributes between the zones. The concrete’s top zone side was found to have the highest water absorption. In addition, site curing (SC2) has been resulted to be an improved way to cure concrete since it leads to lower water absorption and greater compressive strength as compared to Site Curing (SC1). Compressive strength in every zone remained within the expected range, indicating effective mix design and compaction. There is a significant difference between the two sites, site cures SC2 and SC1. In order to maximize the performance of concrete, zone-specific features are considered. These findings have consequences for concrete mix design and building techniques.

Keywords
Curing, Ready-Mixed Concrete, Water Absorption, Compressive Strength

Published online 2/25/2025, 10 pages
Copyright © 2025 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA

Citation: Nayeemuddin MOHAMMED, Mohammad Abdul MANNAN, Intan Nurhafizah Fazriana bt HAMZANIc, Fawzyah S ALKHAMMAS, Danish AHMED, Andi ASIZ, Mohammad Ali KHASAWNEH, Tahar AYADAT, Tasneem SULTANA, Assessment of ready-mix concrete properties in various zones of concrete samples, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 48, pp 1-10, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903414-1

The article was published as article 1 of the book Civil and Environmental Engineering for Resilient, Smart and Sustainable Solutions

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

References
[1] E. Anastasiou, M. Papachristoforou, D. Anesiadis, K. Zafeiridis, E.-C. Tsardaka, Investigation of the Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates Originating from a Single Ready-Mix Concrete Plant, Applied Sciences 8 (2018) 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8112149
[2] R. Mascolo, A.B. Masuero, D.C.C. Dal Molin, Ready mixed concrete: variability analysis of the compressive strength and physical properties along the unloading of the truck mixer, Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater. 6 (2013) 194–210. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-41952013000200003
[3] J.N. Pacheco, J. de Brito, C. Chastre, L. Evangelista, Statistical analysis of Portuguese ready-mixed concrete production, Construction and Building Materials 209 (2019) 283–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.089
[4] A.K. Mishra, J.S. Sudarsan, S. Nithiyanantham, Feasibility study on application of ready mix concrete in construction projects in Nepal, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20 (2023) 7569–7576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04380-9
[5] L. de Brito Prado Vieira, A. Domingues de Figueiredo, V.M. John, Evaluation of the use of crushed returned concrete as recycled aggregate in ready-mix concrete plant, Journal of Building Engineering 31 (2020) 101408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101408
[6] S. Zhang, Q. Yuan, J. Ni, C. Shi, K. Zheng, J. Tan, Study of CO 2 Injection Timing within the Mixing Process of Ready-Mix Concrete for Win–Win Improvements of Mechanical Properties and CO 2 Sequestration, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 12 (2024) 1480–1492. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05896
[7] S. Rashid, M. Singh, An Investigation on Carbon Dioxide Incorporated Sustainable Ready-Mix Concrete Using OPC and PPC, Arab J Sci Eng 48 (2023) 14213–14236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08106-y
[8] G. Athira, A. Bahurudeen, V.S. Vishnu, Quantification of geographical proximity of sugarcane bagasse ash sources to ready-mix concrete plants for sustainable waste management and recycling, Waste Manag Res 39 (2021) 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X20945375
[9] D. Han, Y.-J. Park, M.-C. Han, S.-T. Yi, Evaluation on Protection Performance and On-Site Applicability of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, Int J Concr Struct Mater 13 (2019) 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-018-0329-5
[10] C.J. Zega, A.A. Di Maio, Recycled Concretes Made with Waste Ready-Mix Concrete as Coarse Aggregate, J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 23 (2011) 281–286. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000165
[11] M.R. Shaker, M. Bhalala, Q. Kargar, B. Chang, Evaluation of Alternative Home-Produced Concrete Strength with Economic Analysis, Sustainability 12 (2020) 6746. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176746
[12] F.N.A.A. Aziz, M.M.O. Elhibir, N. Abu Bakar, N.A. Safiee, Compressive Strength and Water Absorption Behavior of Self-Curing Fiber Reinforced Concrete, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 431 (2018) 042008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/431/4/042008
[13] H.Y. Tiong, S.K. Lim, Y.L. Lee, M.K. Yew, J.H. Lim, Absorption and strength properties of lightweight foamed concrete with egg shell powder as partial replacement material of cement, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 476 (2020) 012021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/476/1/012021
[14] M.A. Othuman Mydin, The Effect of Raw Mesocarp Fibre Inclusion on the Durability Properties of Lightweight Foamed Concrete, AJSTD 38 (2021). https://doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.685
[15] N.A. Mohd Nasir, N. Abu Bakar, N.A. Safiee, F.N.A. Abdul Aziz, Permeation-durability properties of metakaolin blended concrete containing rubber, European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 26 (2022) 5113–5128. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2021.1885499
[16] N.M. Bunnori, A.H. Alani, A.T. Noaman, M.A.M. Johari, T.A. Majid, Relationships between Compressive Strength and Transport Properties of Ultrahigh-Strength Green Concrete Utilizing Ternary-Blended Binder, J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (2020) 04020011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003071
[17] H.Y. Tiong, S.K. Lim, J.H. Lim, STRENGTHS AND SORPTIVITY OF LIGHTWEIGHT FOAMED CONCRETE WITH CRUSHED STEEL SLAG, 3 (2017).
[18] A. Najigivi, S. Abdul Rashid, F. Nora A. Aziz, M.A. Mohd Salleh, Water absorption control of ternary blended concrete with nano-SiO2 in presence of rice husk ash, Mater Struct 45 (2012) 1007–1017. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-011-9813-y
[19] K.H. Mo, U.J. Alengaram, M.Z. Jumaat, Experimental Investigation on the Properties of Lightweight Concrete Containing Waste Oil Palm Shell Aggregate, Procedia Engineering 125 (2015) 587–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.065
[20] N. Mohammed, A. Asiz, M.A. Khasawneh, H. Mewada, T. Sultana, Machine learning and RSM-CCD analysis of green concrete made from waste water plastic bottle caps: Towards performance and optimization, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures (2023) 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2023.2238220
[21] N. Mohammed, Characterization of sustainable concrete made from wastewater bottle caps using a machine learning and RSM-CCD: towards performance and optimization, in: 2023: pp. 38–46. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902790-4
[22] N. Mohammed, P. Palaniandy, F. Shaik, Pollutants removal from saline water by solar photocatalysis: a review of experimental and theoretical approaches, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 103 (2023) 4155–4175. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2021.1924160
[23] I. Saleh, A. Mohammed, Emission rates of pollutants from Ready Mix Concrete plants in Cairo, Egypt, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 64 (2021) 2003–2012. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2021.47757.2976
[24] A. Shelar, D. Neeraja, A.B. Mahindrakar, Experimental Study on Ready Mix Concrete Plant Waste Concrete as a Aggregate for Structural Concrete, in: V.K. Gunjan, S.N. Singh, T. Duc-Tan, G.J. Rincon Aponte, A. Kumar (Eds.), ICRRM 2019 – System Reliability, Quality Control, Safety, Maintenance and Management, Springer, Singapore, 2020: pp. 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8507-0_18
[25] G. Kashwani, E. Liu, A. Atif, Safety Review of the Quality Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) and Workmanship in the Construction Industry, (2019) 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.safety.20190801.01
[26] S. Tejas, D. Pasla, Assessment of mechanical and durability properties of composite cement-based recycled aggregate concrete, Construction and Building Materials 387 (2023) 131620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131620
[27] R. Vijayaraghavan, R. Dharma, H.S.M. M S, I. Navabshan, Durability and microstructure studies of styrene acrylate co-polymer modified ready-mix concrete, Journal of Structural Engineering (Madras) 49 (2022) 358–372.
[28] M. Nayeemuddin, asiz andi, A.K. Mohammad, Feroz Shaik, M. Hiren, S. Tasneem, A comprehensive review on computing methods for the prediction of energy cost in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in: Materials Research Proceedings, 2024: pp. 156–163. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903216-21
[29] E. Hetemi, U. of P. Faculty of Civil Engineering, L. Himaduna, U. of P. Faculty of Civil Engineering, N. Kabashi, U. of P. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Recycling aggregate from concrete, properties and possibility for using in ready Mix Concrete, International Student Conference of Civil Engineering; International Student Conference of Civil Engineering (2013). http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/handle/1/662 (accessed June 10, 2024).
[30] N. Mohammed, P. Palaniandy, F. Shaik, Solar photocatalytic biodegradability of saline water: Optimization using RSM and ANN, AIP Conference Proceedings 2463 (2022) 020027. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0080297