Addressing surface quality via seam alignment parametrization

Addressing surface quality via seam alignment parametrization

Alexandru-Ionuț IRIMIA, Vasile ERMOLAI, Gheorghe NAGÎȚ, Marius-Andrei MIHALACHE, Marius-Ionuț RÎPANU, Răzvan-Cosmin STAVARACHE

Abstract: Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is an additive manufacturing technology that uses molten thermoplastic material to build parts layer-wise. Any of the part’s constituent layers is obtained through multiple passes of the extrusion heat. An external contour or perimeter and an internal geometry characterize each layer. This external contour is defined by a start-point, an extrusion path, and an end-point, which coincides with the starting point. The overlap between the extrusion path’s start and the end-point is known as z-seam alignment or seam. By default, the slicing algorithms place the seams at sharp corners or hidden edges to hide possible imperfections such as blobs and zits. Unfortunately, seam hiding is more difficult for curved surfaces without linear transitions. As a result, the curved surface printed parts show visible seams of the external contour, affecting the part’s aesthetics. In this regard, this study aims to reduce some of those limitations by systematically fine-tuning the seam-related parameters.

Keywords
Fused Filament Fabrication, Surface Quality, Surface Finish, Z-Seam, Seam Alignment

Published online 12/10/2024, 8 pages
Copyright © 2024 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA

Citation: Alexandru-Ionuț IRIMIA, Vasile ERMOLAI, Gheorghe NAGÎȚ, Marius-Andrei MIHALACHE, Marius-Ionuț RÎPANU, Răzvan-Cosmin STAVARACHE, Addressing surface quality via seam alignment parametrization, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 46, pp 41-48, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903377-6

The article was published as article 6 of the book Innovative Manufacturing Engineering and Energy

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

References
[1] J. Kechagias, D. Chaidas, N. Vidakis, K. Salonitis, N.M. Vaxevanidis, Key parameters controlling surface quality and dimensional accuracy: a critical review of FFF process. Mater. Manuf. Proces., 37(9), 963-984 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2022.2032144
[2] Krishnanand, M. Taufik, Fused filament fabrication (FFF) based 3D printer and its design: a review. Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Innovative Product Design: Select Proceedings of IPDIMS 2020, 497-505 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9853-1_41
[3] R. B. Kristiawan, F. Imaduddin, D. Ariawan, Ubaidillah, Z. Arifin, A review on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing: Filament processing, materials, and printing parameters. Open Engineering, 11(1), 639-649 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0063
[4] R. Patel, C. Desai, S. Kushwah, M.H. Mangrola, A review article on FDM process parameters in 3D printing for composite materials. Materials Today: Proceedings, 60, 2162-2166 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.385
[5] S. Restrepo, J. Jaramillo, H.A. Colorado, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Additive manufacturing of Bronze-Based materials. In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 105–112 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50349-8_10
[6] V. Ermolai, A. Sover, G. Nagîț, M. A. Boca, A.I. Irimia, Influence of Fused Filament Fabrication Raster Parameters over the Top Surface Topography. Acta Technica Napocensis-Series: Applied Mathematics, Mechanics, And Engineering, 66(5) (2023).
[7] UltiMaker. (2024, August 30). UltiMaker Cura – UltiMaker. https://ultimaker.com/software/ultimaker-cura/
[8] Ghostkeeper. (n.d.). GitHub – Ghostkeeper/SettingsGuide: More extensive explanations of Cura slicing settings. GitHub. https://github.com/Ghostkeeper/SettingsGuide
[9] V. Ermolai, A. Sover, (2023). Multi-material 3D Printed Interfaces. Influencing Factors and Design Considerations. In: Cioboată, D.D. (eds) International Conference on Reliable Systems Engineering (ICoRSE) – 2023. ICoRSE 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 762. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40628-7_11
[10] N. Harun, N. Kasim, M. Abidin, M. Izamshah, R. Attan, H. Ganesan., A Study on Surface Roughness During Fused Deposition Modelling: A Review. JAMT, 12(1(1), 25-36 (2018).
[11] V. Ermolai, A. Sover, A. Lang, Characterisation of the shape memory effect of PET polymer by FFF 3D printing. MRP, 28 (2023). https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902479-11
[12] S. K. Karna, R. Sahai, An overview on Taguchi method. International journal of engineering and mathematical sciences, 1(1), 1-7 (2012).
[13] A. Freddi, M. Salmon, A. Freddi, M. Salmon, Introduction to the Taguchi method. Design principles and methodologies: from conceptualization to first prototyping with examples and case studies, 159-180 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95342-7_7
[14] A. Mitra, The Taguchi method. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 3(5), 472-480 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.169
[15] ImageJ. (n.d.). https://imagej.net/ij/
[16] T. (n.d.) Ferreira, ImageJ User Guide – IJ 1.46R. https://imagej.net/ij/docs/guide/index.html