Experimental permeability measurement of different reinforcement types for virtual permeability determination validation
BOUBAKER Mouadh, WIJAYA Willsen, CANTAREL Arthur, DEBENEST Gérald, BICKERTON Simon
download PDFAbstract. Permeability measurement of engineering textiles is a key step in preparing composites manufacturing processes. A radial flow experimental set-up is used in this work to characterize the unsaturated and saturated in-plane permeabilities of different types of textiles. In order to identify fabrics in which the dual-scale flow effect is stronger, comparisons are made between the measured saturating and saturated permeabilities. In parallel, the delayed tow saturation during the oil injection stage of the saturating measurement is observed visually. In addition, virtual permeability of porous media is studied using the numerical implementation of Darcy-Brinkman equation in a finite volume method (FVM) open-source software (OpenFOAM). A numerical method is proposed to determine the permeability of a given geometry at mesoscale. The method is used to determine the permeability of a realistic geometry acquired using an X-ray micro tomography (μCT) scanner and the results are compared to experimental values obtained with the proposed experimental set-up on the same plain weave textile.
Keywords
Composites, Experimental Permeability, Virtual Permeability, CFD, Porous Media
Published online 4/24/2024, 9 pages
Copyright © 2024 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: BOUBAKER Mouadh, WIJAYA Willsen, CANTAREL Arthur, DEBENEST Gérald, BICKERTON Simon, Experimental permeability measurement of different reinforcement types for virtual permeability determination validation, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 41, pp 549-557, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-61
The article was published as article 61 of the book Material Forming
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
References
[1] V. Michaud, A Review of Non-saturated Resin Flow in Liquid Composite Moulding processes, Transp Porous Med, vol. 115, n 3, p. 581-601, déc. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-016-0629-7
[2] B. R. Gebart, « Permeability of Unidirectional Reinforcements for RTM », Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 26, no 8, p. 1100‑1133, août 1992. https://doi.org/10.1177/002199839202600802
[3] Willsen Wijaya. Permeability of 2D Woven Composite Textile Reinforcements: Textile Geometry and Compaction, and Flow Modelling. PhD thesis, 2020, The University of Auckland.
[4] D. May et al., In-plane permeability characterization of engineering textiles based on radial flow experiments: A benchmark exercise, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 121 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.03.006
[5] N. Vernet et al, Experimental determination of the permeability of engineering textiles: Benchmark II, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 61 (2014) 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.02.010
[6] R. Arbter et al. Experimental determination of the permeability of textiles: A benchmark exercise, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 42 (2011) 1157–1168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.04.021
[7] Darcy, Henry. ”Les fontaines publiques de la ville de Dijon, Dalmont.” Paris, France (1856).
[8] F. Zhang, S. Comas-Cardona, et C. Binetruy, Statistical modeling of in-plane permeability of non-woven random fibrous reinforcement, Composites Science and Technology, vol. 72, n 12, p. 1368-1379, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.05.008
[9] S. Comas-Cardona, B. Cosson, S. Bickerton, et C. Binetruy, An optically-based inverse method to measure in-plane permeability fields of fibrous reinforcements, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 57, p. 41-48, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.10.020
[10] Sousa Pedro, Lomov Stepan V., Ivens Jan, Hurdles and limitations for design of a radial permeameter conforming to the benchmark requirements. Frontiers in Materials, 9, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2022.871235
[11] J. R. Weitzenbock, R. A. Shenoi, et P. A. Wilson, Radial flow permeability measurement. Part A: Theory, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 30, n 6, p. 781-796, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00183-3
[12] R. Pomeroy, S. Grove, J. Summerscales, Y. Wang, et A. Harper, Measurement of permeability of continuous filament mat glass–fibre reinforcements by saturated radial airflow, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 38, no 5, p. 1439‑1443, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.11.011
[13] K. M. Pillai, Modeling the Unsaturated Flow in Liquid Composite Molding Processes: A Review and Some Thoughts, Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 38, no 23, p. 2097‑2118, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998304045585
[14] M. F. Foley et T. Gutowski, The effect of process variables on permeability in the flexible resin transfer molding (FRTM) process, p. 326‑340, 1991.
[15] B. R. Gebart et P. Lidström, Measurement of in‐plane permeability of anisotropic fiber reinforcements, Polymer Composites, vol. 17, no 1, p. 43‑51, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.10589
[16] M. Pollard, Permeabilities of Fiber Mats Used in Resin Transfer Molding, 24th International SAMPE Technical Conference, pp. T408–T420, 1992.
[17] T. Schmidt, D. May, M. Duhovic, A. Widera, M. Humbert, et P. Mitschang, A combined experimental–numerical approach for permeability characterization of engineering textiles, Polymer Composites, vol. 42, n 7, p. 3363-3379, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26064
[18] W. Wijaya, M. A. Ali, R. Umer, K. A. Khan, P. A. Kelly, et S. Bickerton, An automatic methodology to CT-scans of 2D woven textile fabrics to structured finite element and voxel meshes, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 125, p. 105561, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105561
