Experimental and numerical investigation of the light scattering of the 3D printed parts

Experimental and numerical investigation of the light scattering of the 3D printed parts

NGUYEN Thi-Ha-Xuyen, AKUÉ ASSÉKO André Chateau, LE Anh-Duc, COSSON Benoît

download PDF

Abstract. Anisoprint is a forefront technology in the realm of 3D printing and has ushered in a transformative era in composite material fabrication. The synergistic fusion of Anisoprint’s 3D printing technology with laser transmission welding has enabled the creation of complex structures featuring carbon fiber reinforcements along all three spatial axes. This innovative amalgamation empowers the production of components distinguished by their unparalleled strength and precision. In the pursuit of this objective, the integration of transparent thermoplastic windows within 3D-printed components has been employed as conduits for laser beams during the welding process. Nevertheless, the interaction between laser beams and these transparent windows introduces a phenomenon characterized by beam diffusion, primarily attributed to the intrinsic porosity inherent in the 3D printing process. Within the scope of this study, an in-depth examination of laser beam diffusion within 3D-printed carbon fiber components is undertaken. This endeavor encompasses the application of micro-tomography to meticulously construct a comprehensive mesh representing the microstructural intricacies of the transparent section. Leveraging this mesh, ray tracing simulations are conducted to elucidate laser beam behavior. Subsequently, a comparative analysis is conducted between these numerical outcomes and experimental observations, involving the scrutiny of laser beam photographs as they traverse the printed component. This research aspires to enhance our comprehension of the intricate dynamics governing laser beam interactions within Anisoprinted structures. Ultimately, this will contribute to the refinement of laser welding processes and foster the advancement of more efficient and dependable manufacturing methodologies for composite materials.

Keywords
Transmission Laser Welding (TLW), 3D-Printed Thermoplastic Parts, Light Scattering, X-Ray Tomography Images, Ray-Tracing Simulation

Published online 4/24/2024, 12 pages
Copyright © 2024 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA

Citation: NGUYEN Thi-Ha-Xuyen, AKUÉ ASSÉKO André Chateau, LE Anh-Duc, COSSON Benoît, Experimental and numerical investigation of the light scattering of the 3D printed parts, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 41, pp 2595-2606, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-285

The article was published as article 285 of the book Material Forming

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

References
[1] André Chateau Akué Asséko, Benoît Cosson, Éric Lafranche, Fabrice Schmidt, and Yannick Le Maoult. 2016. Effect of the developed temperature field on the molecular interdiffusion at the interface in infrared welding of polycarbonate composites. Compos. Part B Eng. 97, (July 2016), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.04.064
[2] André Chateau Akué Asséko, Benoît Cosson, Fabrice Schmidt, Yannick Le Maoult, Rémi Gilblas, and Eric Lafranche. 2015. Laser transmission welding of composites – Part B: Experimental validation of numerical model. Infrared Phys. Technol. 73, (November 2015), 304–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2015.10.005
[3] France Chabert, Christian Garnier, Jules Sangleboeuf, André Chateau Akue Asseko, and Benoît Cosson. 2020. Transmission Laser Welding of Polyamides: Effect of Process Parameter and Material Properties on the Weld Strength. Procedia Manuf. 47, (January 2020), 962–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.297
[4] J. M. Chacón, M. A. Caminero, P. J. Núñez, E. García-Plaza, I. García-Moreno, and J. M. Reverte. 2019. Additive manufacturing of continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modelling: Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties. Compos. Sci. Technol. 181, (September 2019), 107688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107688
[5] Yu Chen, Oğuzhan Çopuroğlu, Claudia Romero Rodriguez, Fernando F. de Mendonca Filho, and Erik Schlangen. 2021. Characterization of air-void systems in 3D printed cementitious materials using optical image scanning and X-ray computed tomography. Mater. Charact. 173, (March 2021), 110948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.110948
[6] Yu Chen, Oğuzhan Çopuroğlu, Claudia Romero Rodriguez, Fernando F. de Mendonca Filho, and Erik Schlangen. 2021. Characterization of air-void systems in 3D printed cementitious materials using optical image scanning and X-ray computed tomography. Mater. Charact. 173, (March 2021), 110948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.110948
[7] Benoît Cosson, André Chateau Akué Asséko, Mylène Lagardère, and Myriam Dauphin. 2019. 3D modeling of thermoplastic composites laser welding process – A ray tracing method coupled with finite element method. Opt. Laser Technol. 119, (November 2019), 105585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105585
[8] Benoit Cosson, Mylène Deléglise, and Wolfgang Knapp. 2015. Numerical analysis of thermoplastic composites laser welding using ray tracing method. Compos. Part B Eng. 68, (January 2015), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.08.028
[9] M. Ilie, E. Cicala, D. Grevey, S. Mattei, and V. Stoica. 2009. Diode laser welding of ABS: Experiments and process modeling. Opt. Laser Technol. 41, 5 (July 2009), 608–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2008.10.005
[10] Mariana Ilie, Jean-Christophe Kneip, Simone Matteï, Alexandru Nichici, Claude Roze, and Thierry Girasole. 2007. Laser beam scattering effects in non-absorbent inhomogenous polymers. Opt. Lasers Eng. 45, 3 (March 2007), 405–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2006.07.004
[11] Julian Kuklik, Torben Mente, Verena Wippo, Peter Jaeschke, Benjamin Kuester, Malte Stonis, Stefan Kaierle, and Ludger Overmeyer. 2022. Laser welding of additively manufactured thermoplastic components assisted by a neural network-based expert system. In High-Power Laser Materials Processing: Applications, Diagnostics, and Systems XI, March 04, 2022. SPIE, 119–124. . https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2609365
[12] Anh-Duc Le, André Chateau Akué Asséko, Thi-Ha-Xuyen Nguyen, and Benoît Cosson. 2023. Laser intensity and surface distribution identification at weld interface during laser transmission welding of thermoplastic polymers: A combined numerical inverse method and experimental temperature measurement approach. Polym. Eng. Sci. 63, 9 (2023), 2795–2805. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26405
[13] Anh-Duc Le, Benoît Cosson, and André Chateau Akué Asséko. 2021. Simulation of large-scale additive manufacturing process with a single-phase level set method: a process parameters study. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 113, 11 (April 2021), 3343–3360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06703-5
[14] I. Maskery, N. T. Aboulkhair, M. R. Corfield, C. Tuck, A. T. Clare, R. K. Leach, R. D. Wildman, I. A. Ashcroft, and R. J. M. Hague. 2016. Quantification and characterisation of porosity in selectively laser melted Al–Si10–Mg using X-ray computed tomography. Mater. Charact. 111, (January 2016), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2015.12.001
[15] M. Parker, A. Inthavong, E. Law, S. Waddell, N. Ezeokeke, R. Matsuzaki, and D. Arola. 2022. 3D printing of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide: Exploring printability and importance of fiber volume fraction. Addit. Manuf. 54, (June 2022), 102763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.102763
[16] Mojtaba Salehi, Saeed Maleksaeedi, Mui Ling Sharon Nai, and Manoj Gupta. 2019. Towards additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys through integration of binderless 3D printing and rapid microwave sintering. Addit. Manuf. 29, (October 2019), 100790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100790
[17] John R. Howell Siegel M. Pinar Mengüc, Kyle Daun, Robert. 2020. Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer (7th ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429327308
[18] Valérie Vancauwenberghe, Victor Baiye Mfortaw Mbong, Els Vanstreels, Pieter Verboven, Jeroen Lammertyn, and Bart Nicolai. 2019. 3D printing of plant tissue for innovative food manufacturing: Encapsulation of alive plant cells into pectin based bio-ink. J. Food Eng. 263, (December 2019), 454–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.12.003
[19] Zhenhu Wang, Yaohui Wang, Jian He, Ke Dong, Guoquan Zhang, Wenhao Li, and Yi Xiong. 2023. Additive Manufacturing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Sandwich Structures with Multiscale Cellular Cores. Chin. J. Mech. Eng. Addit. Manuf. Front. 2, 3 (September 2023), 100088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100088
[20] Nekoda van de Werken, Halil Tekinalp, Pouria Khanbolouki, Soydan Ozcan, Andrew Williams, and Mehran Tehrani. 2020. Additively manufactured carbon fiber-reinforced composites: State of the art and perspective. Addit. Manuf. 31, (January 2020), 100962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100962
[21] Siwon Yu, Yun Hyeong Hwang, Jun Yeon Hwang, and Soon Hyung Hong. 2019. Analytical study on the 3D-printed structure and mechanical properties of basalt fiber-reinforced PLA composites using X-ray microscopy. Compos. Sci. Technol. 175, (May 2019), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.03.005
[22] Soudage laser par transmission de composites. Techniques de l’Ingénieur. Retrieved January 11, 2024 from https://www.techniques-ingenieur.fr/base-documentaire/materiaux-th11/plasturgie-procedes-specifiques-aux-composites-42474210/soudage-laser-par-transmission-de-composites-am5232/