Influence of thermal treatment on surface roughness, microstructural, and mechanical properties of 3D printed ABS

Influence of thermal treatment on surface roughness, microstructural, and mechanical properties of 3D printed ABS

NGUYEN Khanh Q., VUILLAUME Pascal Y., HU Lei, VACHON Andro, DIOUF-LEWIS Audrey, MARCOUX Pier-Luc, GAGNÉ Lambert, ROBERT Mathieu, ELKOUN Saïd

download PDF

Abstract. Additive manufacturing (AM) has been widely used for rapid prototyping (RP) techniques due to its low cost and customizability. This technique allows for rapid and competitive price production compared to conventional manufacturing. However, pieces fabricated with the AM technique usually possess poor mechanical and surface properties compared to the injection molding technique. Based on COALIA’s recent patent, a thermal treatment approach was used to improve the performance of printed parts. In this study, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) was printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM) with and without heat treatment at 35 mm/s of printing speed. The physical and mechanical properties of printed ABS parts were then investigated. Tensile tests were performed to investigate the tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation at break. After tensile tests, X-ray microtomography was conducted to evaluate the surface morphologies. An optical profilometer analysis was also used to measure the surface roughness.

Keywords
3D Printing, FDM Technique, Radiant Heating System, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Microstructural and Mechanical Properties

Published online 4/24/2024, 9 pages
Copyright © 2024 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA

Citation: NGUYEN Khanh Q., VUILLAUME Pascal Y., HU Lei, VACHON Andro, DIOUF-LEWIS Audrey, MARCOUX Pier-Luc, GAGNÉ Lambert, ROBERT Mathieu, ELKOUN Saïd, Influence of thermal treatment on surface roughness, microstructural, and mechanical properties of 3D printed ABS, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 41, pp 201-209, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-22

The article was published as article 22 of the book Material Forming

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

References
[1] Stansbury, J.W. and Idacavage, M.J. (2016) “3D Printing with Polymers: Challenges among Expanding Options and Opportunities”. Dental Materials, 32, 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.018
[2] Ford, S. and Despeisse, M. (2016) “Additive Manufacturing and Sustainability: An Exploratory Study of the Advantages and Challenges”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 1573-1587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.150
[3] Nguyen, K. Q., Vuillaume, P. Y., Hu, L., López-Beceiro, J., Cousin, P., Elkoun, S., & Robert, M. (2023). “Recycled, Bio-Based, and Blended Composite Materials for 3D Printing Filament: Pros and Cons—A Review”. Materials Sciences and Applications, 14(3), 148-185. doi: 10.4236/msa.2023.143010.
[4] Jandyal, A., Chaturvedi, I., Wazir, I., Raina, A., & Haq, M. I. U. (2022). “3D printing–A review of processes, materials and applications in industry 4.0”. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2021.09.004
[5] Huang, S. H., Liu, P., Mokasdar, A., & Hou, L. (2013). “Additive manufacturing and its societal impact: a literature review”. The International journal of advanced manufacturing technology, 67, 1191-1203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4558-5
[6] Lim, C. W. J., Le, K. Q., Lu, Q., & Wong, C. H. (2016). “An overview of 3-D printing in manufacturing, aerospace, and automotive industries”. IEEE potentials, 35(4), 18-22. Doi: 10.1109/MPOT.2016.2540098
[7] Daly, M., Tarfaoui, M., Chihi, M., & Bouraoui, C. (2023). “FDM technology and the effect of printing parameters on the tensile strength of ABS parts”. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 126(11), 5307-5323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11486-y
[8] Singh, S., Ramakrishna, S., & Singh, R. (2017). “Material issues in additive manufacturing: A review”. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 25, 185-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2016.11.006
[9] Garg, A., Bhattacharya, A., & Batish, A. (2016). “On surface finish and dimensional accuracy of FDM parts after cold vapor treatment”. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 31(4), 522-529. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2015.1070425
[10] Singh, S., Singh, M., Prakash, C., Gupta, M. K., Mia, M., & Singh, R. (2019). “Optimization and reliability analysis to improve surface quality and mechanical characteristics of heat-treated fused filament fabricated parts”. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 102, 1521-1536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-03276-8
[11] Dawoud, M., Taha, I., & Ebeid, S. J. (2016). “Mechanical behaviour of ABS: An experimental study using FDM and injection moulding techniques”. Journal of manufacturing Processes, 21, 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2015.11.002
[12] Weng, Z., Wang, J., Senthil, T., & Wu, L. (2016). “Mechanical and thermal properties of ABS/montmorillonite nanocomposites for fused deposition modeling 3D printing”. Materials & Design, 102, 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.045
[13] Choi, Y. H., Kim, C. M., Jeong, H. S., & Youn, J. H. (2016). “Influence of bed temperature on heat shrinkage shape error in FDM additive manufacturing of the ABS-engineering plastic”. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(3), 186-192. Doi: 10.4236/wjet.2016.43D022
[14] Sood, A. K., Ohdar, R. K., & Mahapatra, S. S. (2010). “Parametric appraisal of mechanical property of fused deposition modelling processed parts”. Materials & Design, 31(1), 287-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.06.016
[15] Rodríguez-Panes, A., Claver, J., & Camacho, A. M. (2018). “The influence of manufacturing parameters on the mechanical behaviour of PLA and ABS pieces manufactured by FDM: A comparative analysis”. Materials, 11(8), 1333. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081333
[16] Hart, K. R., Dunn, R. M., Sietins, J. M., Mock, C. M. H., Mackay, M. E., & Wetzel, E. D. (2018). “Increased fracture toughness of additively manufactured amorphous thermoplastics via thermal annealing”. Polymer, 144, 192-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.024
[17] Rane, R., Kulkarni, A., Prajapati, H., Taylor, R., Jain, A., & Chen, V. (2020). “Post-process effects of isothermal annealing and initially applied static uniaxial loading on the ultimate tensile strength of fused filament fabrication parts”. Materials, 13(2), 352. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020352
[18] A. Vachon, P.-Y. Vuillaume, L. Deschamps, L. Hu, A. Diouf Lewis, and P.-L. Marcoux, “COALIA Patent CA3177826, Printhead and additive manufacturing methods.” Canada, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/patent/3177826/summary.html?query=3177826&type=basic_search
[19] Nguyen, Q. K., Vuillaume, P. Y., Hu, L., Vachon, A., Marcoux, P. L., Robert, M., & Elkoun, S. “Effect of in Situ Thermal Treatment on Interlayer Adhesion of 3d Printed Polyetherimide (Pei) Parts Produced by Fused Deposition Modeling (Fdm)”. Available at SSRN 4654854. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4654854
[20] Nguyen, K. Q., Vuillaume, P. Y., Robert, M., & Elkoun, S. (2022, December). “AFM Analysis of 3D Printing PEI for Automotive Applications”. In Conference on Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering (pp. 123-133). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3672-4_10
[21] ASTM D638, “Standard Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Plastics.” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2014
[22] ISO 25178, “Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture.” ISO (the International Organization for Standardization), 2021.
[23] ISO 21920, “Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture – Profile methods.” ISO (the International Organization for Standardization), 2021.