Metallization of Vitrimers by cold spray: A preliminary study
VISCUSI Antonio, PERNA Alessia Serena, MARTONE Alfonso, PALMIERI Barbara, CILENTO Fabrizia, AMENDOLA Eugenio, TUCCI Fausto, BORRELLI Domenico, CARAVIELLO Antonio, SICIGNANO Nicola
download PDFAbstract. Cold spray is a promising solution for the production of metallic coatings on polymer substrates. However, the adhesion mechanism between the impacting particle and the polymer in cold spraying depends on the chemical structure of the polymer itself. In this scenario, the emerging vitrimer polymers, which were proved to combine enhanced mechanical and chemical performances with abilities to be healed, welded, reprocessed, and recycled and that show a ductile behavior when exposed to given operating temperatures, can be particularly suitable for being functionalized by cold spray. Therefore, the aim of this work is to experimentally prove the feasibility of the metallization process via cold spray of epoxy vitrimer substrates. For this purpose, an epoxy vitrimer formulation was studied and experimentally characterized. Vitrimer-based panels were manufactured and used as substrates for the surface metallization. A low-pressure cold spray facility was used for the deposition of aluminum alloy particles. Microscope analyses were carried out for the characterization of the samples.
Keywords
Cold Spray Technology, Vitrimer Polymer, Metallization
Published online 4/24/2024, 9 pages
Copyright © 2024 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: VISCUSI Antonio, PERNA Alessia Serena, MARTONE Alfonso, PALMIERI Barbara, CILENTO Fabrizia, AMENDOLA Eugenio, TUCCI Fausto, BORRELLI Domenico, CARAVIELLO Antonio, SICIGNANO Nicola, Metallization of Vitrimers by cold spray: A preliminary study, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 41, pp 183-191, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-20
The article was published as article 20 of the book Material Forming
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
References
[1] R. Lupoi, W. O’Neill, Deposition of metallic coatings on polymer surfaces using cold spray, Surf. Coatings Technol. 205 (2010) 2167–2173. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SURFCOAT.2010.08.128
[2] A. Faheem, A. Tyagi, S.M. Pandey, F. Hasan, Q. Murtaza, A sustainable ecofriendly additive manufacturing approach of repairing and coating on the substrate: cold spray, Aust. J. Mech. Eng. 21 (2023) 1624–1641. https://doi.org/10.1080/14484846.2021.2023379
[3] M. Durante, L. Boccarusso, D. De Fazio, A. Langella, Circular cutting strategy for drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs), Mater. Manuf. Process. 34 (2019) 554–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2019.1566615
[4] A. Viscusi, M. Durante, A. Astarita, L. Boccarusso, L. Carrino, A.S. Perna, Experimental Evaluation of Metallic Coating on Polymer by Cold Spray, Procedia Manuf. 47 (2020) 761–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.232
[5] R. Melentiev, N. Yu, G. Lubineau, Polymer metallization via cold spray additive manufacturing: A review of process control, coating qualities, and prospective applications, Addit. Manuf. 48 (2021) 102459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102459
[6] R. Della Gatta, A.S. Perna, A. Viscusi, G. Pasquino, A. Astarita, Cold spray deposition of metallic coatings on polymers: a review, J. Mater. Sci. 57 (2022) 27–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06561-2
[7] L. Boccarusso, F. Pinto, S. Cuomo, D. De Fazio, K. Myronidis, M. Durante, M. Meo, Design, Manufacturing, and Characterization of Hybrid Carbon/Hemp Sandwich Panels, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 31 (2022) 769–785. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11665-021-06186-1/FIGURES/22
[8] A. Ganesan, M. Yamada, M. Fukumoto, Cold Spray Coating Deposition Mechanism on the Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Polymer Substrates, J. Therm. Spray Technol. 22 (2013) 1275–1282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-013-9984-x
[9] H. Parmar, R. Della Gatta, A. Viscusi, F. Tucci, A. Astarita, P. Carlone, Cold Spray Metallization of Hybrid Thermoplastic – Thermoset Fiber Reinforced Composite, Key Eng. Mater. 926 (2022) 1293–1302. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-44vhs8
[10] A. Viscusi, V. Antonucci, L. Carrino, R. Della Gatta, V. Lopresto, I. Papa, A.S. Perna, M.R. Ricciardi, A. Astarita, Manufacturing of an innovative composite structure: Design, manufacturing and impact behaviour, Compos. Struct. 250 (2020) 112637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112637
[11] H. Memon, Y. Wei, C. Zhu, Recyclable and reformable epoxy resins based on dynamic covalent bonds – Present, past, and future, Polym. Test. 105 (2022) 107420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107420
[12] M. Capelot, M.M. Unterlass, F. Tournilhac, L. Leibler, Catalytic control of the vitrimer glass transition, ACS Macro Lett. 1 (2012) 789–792. https://doi.org/10.1021/MZ300239F/SUPPL_FILE/MZ300239F_SI_001.PDF
[13] D. Montarnal, M. Capelot, F. Tournilhac, L. Leibler, Silica-like malleable materials from permanent organic networks, Science (80-. ). 334 (2011) 965–968. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.1212648/SUPPL_FILE/MONTARNAL.SOM.PDF
[14] Y. Yang, Y. Xu, Y. Ji, Y. Wei, Functional epoxy vitrimers and composites, Prog. Mater. Sci. 120 (2021) 100710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100710
[15] B. Palmieri, F. Cilento, E. Amendola, T. Valente, S. Dello Iacono, M. Giordano, A. Martone, Influence of Catalyst Content and Epoxy/Carboxylate Ratio on Isothermal Creep of Epoxy Vitrimers, Polym. 2023, Vol. 15, Page 3845. 15 (2023) 3845. https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM15183845
[16] U. Prisco, A. Squillace, A. Astarita, L. Carrino, Morphology of titanium coatings deposited through single pass cold spraying, Mater. Manuf. Process. 33 (2018) 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2016.1198035
[17] W.Y. Li, C. Zhang, X.P. Guo, G. Zhang, H.L. Liao, C.J. Li, C. Coddet, Effect of standoff distance on coating deposition characteristics in cold spraying, Mater. Des. 29 (2008) 297–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2007.02.005
[18] D. Giraud, F. Borit, V. Guipont, M. Jeandin, J.M. Malhaire, Metallization of a polymer using cold spray: Application to aluminum coating of polyamide 66, Proc. Int. Therm. Spray Conf. (2012) 265–270. https://doi.org/10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2012P0265/25442/METALLIZATION-OF-A-POLYMER-USING-COLD-SPRAY.
[19] A. Viscusi, R. Della Gatta, F. Delloro, I. Papa, A.S. Perna, A. Astarita, A novel manufacturing route for integrated 3D-printed composites and cold-sprayed metallic layer, Mater. Manuf. Process. 37 (2022) 568–581. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2021.1942908
[20] C.-J. Li, W.-Y. Li, Y.-Y. Wang, H. Fukanuma, Effect of Spray Angle on Deposition Characteristics in Cold Spraying, in: B.R. Marple, C. Moreau (Eds.), Therm. Spray 2003 Proc. from Int. Therm. Spray Conf., ASM International, 2003: pp. 91–96. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2003p0091
[21] B. Krishnakumar, R.V.S.P. Sanka, W.H. Binder, V. Parthasarthy, S. Rana, N. Karak, Vitrimers: Associative dynamic covalent adaptive networks in thermoset polymers, Chem. Eng. J. 385 (2020) 123820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123820
[22] H. Che, X. Chu, P. Vo, S. Yue, Metallization of Various Polymers by Cold Spray, J. Therm. Spray Technol. 27 (2018) 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-017-0663-1