Mechanical recycling of CFRPs: manufacturing and characterization of recycled laminates
Dario De Fazio, Luca Boccarusso, Antonio Formisano, Antonio Langella, Fabrizio Memola Capece Minutolo, Massimo Durante
download PDFAbstract. Carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are a very attractive family of materials used in various application fields such as automotive, marine or aeronautic, due to their high specific mechanical properties. However, the large use of CFRPs dramatically increases the amount of waste materials that derives from the end-of-life products and the off-cuts generated during the manufacturing. In this contest, especially when thermosetting matrices are considered, the need to further study the recycling process of CFRPs is an open topic, both in academic and industrial research. Therefore, in this experimental campaign, CFRP materials deriving from the aeronautic field were recycled by using a milling process. The obtained chips were sieved and inspected with a confocal microscope aiming to evaluate the presence of residual matrix on the recovered fibre’s surface. Then the sieved reinforcement was impregnated with new epoxy resin and three-point bending tests were performed to understand the mechanical properties of the recycled composite materials. To produce recycled composites, two manufacturing techniques, i.e. open moulding and compression moulding were considered.
Keywords
Fibre Reinforced Plastic, Composite Recycling, Compression Moulding
Published online 9/5/2023, 9 pages
Copyright © 2023 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Dario De Fazio, Luca Boccarusso, Antonio Formisano, Antonio Langella, Fabrizio Memola Capece Minutolo, Massimo Durante, Mechanical recycling of CFRPs: manufacturing and characterization of recycled laminates, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 35, pp 402-410, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902714-48
The article was published as article 48 of the book Italian Manufacturing Association Conference
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
References
[1] Pinto F, Boccarusso L, De Fazio D, et al. Carbon/hemp bio-hybrid composites: Effects of the stacking sequence on flexural, damping and impact properties. Composite Structures 2020; 242: 112148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112148
[2] Yang Y, Boom R, Irion B, et al. Recycling of composite materials. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 2012; 51: 53-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2011.09.007
[3] Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives., https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2008/98/oj (2008).
[4] MacArthur E. Towards the circular economy, economic and business rationale for an accelerated transition. Ellen MacArthur Foundation: Cowes, UK 2013; 21-34.
[5] Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on end-of-life vehicles. 2000; 34-269.
[6] Gharde S, Kandasubramanian B. Mechanothermal and chemical recycling methodologies for the Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP). Environmental Technology & Innovation 2019; 14: 100311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2019.01.005
[7] Pickering SJ. Recycling technologies for thermoset composite materials-current status. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2006; 37: 1206-1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.030
[8] Nahil MA, Williams PT. Recycling of carbon fibre reinforced polymeric waste for the production of activated carbon fibres. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2011; 91: 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2011.01.005
[9] Mazzocchetti L, Benelli T, D’Angelo E, et al. Validation of carbon fibers recycling by pyro-gasification: The influence of oxidation conditions to obtain clean fibers and promote fiber/matrix adhesion in epoxy composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2018; 112: 504-514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.07.007
[10] Piñero-Hernanz R, García-Serna J, Dodds C, et al. Chemical recycling of carbon fibre composites using alcohols under subcritical and supercritical conditions. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 2008; 46: 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2008.02.008
[11] Zhu J-H, Chen P, Su M, et al. Recycling of carbon fibre reinforced plastics by electrically driven heterogeneous catalytic degradation of epoxy resin. Green Chemistry 2019; 21: 1635-1647. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8GC03672A
[12] Vincent G, Bruijn TA De, Iqbal M, et al. Fibre length distribution of shredded thermoplastic composite scrap. In: 21st International Conference on Composite Materials. 2017.
[13] Anane-Fenin K, Akinlabi ET. Recycling of Fibre Reinforced Composites: A Review of Current Technologies. In: Proceedings of the DII-2017 Conference on Infrastructure Development and Investment Strategies for Africa. 2017.
[14] Palmer J, Savage L, Ghita OR, et al. Sheet moulding compound (SMC) from carbon fibre recyclate. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2010; 41: 1232-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.05.005
[15] Thomas C, Borges PHR, Panzera TH, et al. Epoxy composites containing CFRP powder wastes. Composites Part B: Engineering 2014; 59: 260-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.013
[16] Durante M, Boccarusso L, De Fazio D, et al. Investigation on the Mechanical Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers by Peripheral Down-Milling. Polymers; 15. Epub ahead of print 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15040854. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15040854
[17] De Fazio D, Boccarusso L, Formisano A, et al. A Review on the Recycling Technologies of Fibre-Reinforced Plastic ( FRP ) Materials Used in Industrial Fields.
[18] Quadrini F, Bellisario D, Santo L. Molding articles made of 100 % recycled fiberglass. Epub ahead of print 2016. DOI: 10.1177/0021998315615199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998315615199
