Fatigue life evaluation of asphalt mixtures containing natural river sands and designed by bailey method
Mohammad Ahmad Alsheyab, Mohammad Ali Khasawneh
download PDFAbstract. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of Bailey method of optimizing the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures when natural sand is included in the mix at two coarseness levels of aggregate gradations: Fine-Graded (FG) and Coarse-Graded (CG), with three mixes which varied with the percentage of the natural river sand, were prepared at each coarseness level, namely: Corse-Graded with Quarry Sand only (CG-QS), Corse-Graded with Natural Sands only (CG-NS), Corse-Graded with Quarry and Natural Sands (CG-QNS), Fine-Graded with Quarry Sand only (FG-QS), Fine-Graded with Natural Sands only (FG-NS), and Fine-Graded with Quarry and Natural Sands (CG-QNS). The portions of the natural sand either in CG-QNS and FG-QNS mixes were minimized as possible without violating the Bailey ratios. The Beam Fatigue (BF) test was used to evaluate the performance of each mixture at a strain level of 1000 micro strain. The sensitivities of the volumetric measures with Nf were evaluated. The study’s findings indicate that the Number of Cycles to Failure (Nf) was generally decreasing with the increase of the natural sand in the mix at any strain levels. The Dust Proportion (DP) was the most significant volumetric. The Bailey gradation method successfully provided a similar gradation coarseness for CG-QNS compared to CG-QS, which resulted in comparable Nf and indicates a similar aggregate interlock.
Keywords
Bailey Gradation, Asphalt Mix, Natural Sand, Fatigue Life
Published online 8/10/2023, 14 pages
Copyright © 2023 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Mohammad Ahmad Alsheyab, Mohammad Ali Khasawneh, Fatigue life evaluation of asphalt mixtures containing natural river sands and designed by bailey method, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 31, pp 248-261, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902592-26
The article was published as article 26 of the book Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
References
[1] Pouranian, M. Reza, and John E. Haddock. “Determination of voids in the mineral aggregate and aggregate skeleton characteristics of asphalt mixtures using a linear-mixture packing model.” Construction and Building Materials 188 (2018): 292-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.101
[2] Kamaruddin, Ibrahim, Madzlan Napiah, and Yasreen Gasm. “The effect of fine aggregate properties on the rutting behavior of the conventional and polymer modified bituminous mixtures using two types of sand as fine aggregate.” (2010): 89-97. https://doi.org/10.3141/2205-03
[3] Arabani, M., and A. R. Azarhoosh. “The effect of recycled concrete aggregate and steel slag on the dynamic properties of asphalt mixtures.” Construction and Building Materials 35 (2012): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.036
[4] Almadwi, Fathi S., and Gabriel J. Assaf. “Finding an optimal bitumen and natural sand balance for hot mix asphalt concrete in hot and arid regions.” In Solving Pavement and Construction Materials Problems with Innovative and Cutting-edge Technologies: Proceedings of the 5th GeoChina International Conference 2018–Civil Infrastructures Confronting Severe Weathers and Climate Changes: From Failure to Sustainability, held on July 23 to 25, 2018 in HangZhou, China. Springer International Publishing (2019): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95792-0_1
[5] Albayati, Amjad H., and Harith Abdulsattar. “Performance evaluation of asphalt concrete mixes under varying replacement percentages of natural sand.” Results in Engineering 7 (2020): 100131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2020.100131
[6] Ahlrich, Randy C. The effects of natural sands on asphalt concrete engineering properties. Army engineer waterways experiment station vicksburg ms geotechnical lab (1991).
[7] Abedali, Abdulhaq Hadi, and Yasir Mohammed Jebur. “Reduced Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Pavement by Enhancing Aggregate Gradation.” In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 671, no. 1, p. 012082. IOP Publishing (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012082
[8] Fernandes Jr, Jose Leomar, and L. T. D. Gouveia. “Limitation of the Fine Aggregate Angularity (FAA) Test to Predict the Behavior of Asphalt Mixtures.” Department of Transportation, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (2003): 1-9.
[9] Shen, Der-Hsien, Ming-Feng Kuo, and Jia-Chong Du. “Properties of gap-aggregate gradation asphalt mixture and permanent deformation.” Construction and Building Materials 19, no. 2 (2005): 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.05.005
[10] Moghaddam, Taher Baghaee, Mohamed Rehan Karim, and Mahrez Abdelaziz. “A review on fatigue and rutting performance of asphalt mixes.” Scientific Research and Essays 6, no. 4 (2011): 670-682. https://doi.org/10.14311/ee.2016.015
[11] Ramli, Izzul. “Effect of Fine Aggregate Angularity on Rutting Resistance of Asphalt Concrete AC10.” PhD diss., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (2013).
[12] Park, Dae Wook, and Hyung Seok Lee. “Test methods for fine aggregate angularity considering resistance of rutting.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 6 (2002): 421-427.
[13] Stuart, Kevin D., and Walaa S. Mogawer. Evaluation of natural sands used in asphalt mixtures. No. 1436 (1994).
[14] Freeman, Reed B., and Chun-Yi Kuo. “Quality control for natural sand content of asphalt concrete.” Journal of transportation engineering 125, no. 6 (1999): 539-546. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(1999)125:6(539)
[15] Ghuzlan, Khalid A., Al-Mistarehi Bara’W, and Ahmed S. Al-Momani. “Rutting performance of asphalt mixtures with gradations designed using Bailey and conventional Superpave methods.” Construction and Building Materials 261 (2020): 119941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119941
[16] Sivasubramaniam, Sivaranjan, Khaled A. Galal, A. Samy Noureldin, Thomas D. White, and John E. Haddock. “Laboratory, prototype, and in-service accelerated pavement testing to model permanent deformation.” Transportation Research Record 1896, no. 1 (2004): 189-198. https://doi.org/10.3141/1896-19
[17] Zhu, Wei, Hong Zhen Li, Shi Rang Ma, and Da Bin Liu. “Application of Bailey Method for Aggregate Grading Design of Continuous Dense Gradation Asphalt Mixture.” In Advanced Materials Research, vol. 413, pp. 154-159. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2012. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.413.154
[18] Vavrik, William R., William J. Pine, and Samuel H. Carpenter. “Aggregate blending for asphalt mix design: Bailey method.” Transportation Research Record 1789, no. 1 (2002): 146-153. https://doi.org/10.3141/1789-16
[19] MS-2: Asphalt Mix Design Methods, 7th edition, Asphalt Institute, Manual Series No. 02 (2014).
[20] ASTM, D., 4402/4402M-15. Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2015). https://doi.org/10.1520/d4402_d4402m-12
[21] ASTM, D., 7175-15. Standard Test Method for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2015). https://doi.org/10.1520/d7175
[22] ASTM, D., 2872-12. Standard Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2012). https://doi.org/10.1520/d2872-04
[23] ASTM, D., 6521-18. Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2018). https://doi.org/10.1520/d6521-04
[24] ASTM, D., 6816-11, Standard Practice for Determining Low-Temperature Performance Grade (PG) of Asphalt Binders, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2011).
https://doi.org/10.1520/d6816-11
[25] ASTM, D., 4791-10. Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2010). https://doi.org/10.1520/d4791-05e01
[26] ASTM, D., 5821-13, 2017.Standard Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. https://doi.org/10.1520/jte12077j
[27] ASTM, C., 1252-17. Standard Test Methods for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (as Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface Texture, and Grading), West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International (2017). https://doi.org/10.1520/c1252-06
[28] AASHTO, T 84/ 85. Specific gravity and absorption of fine aggregate. Washington, DC. n.d (2002).
[29] AASHTO, M 323. Standard Specification for Superpave Volumetric Mix Design Washington, DC. n.d (2017).
[30] Khasawneh, Mohammad Ali, and Mohammad Ahmad Alsheyab. “Effect of nominal maximum aggregate size and aggregate gradation on the surface frictional properties of hot mix asphalt mixtures.” Construction and Building Materials 244 (2020): 118355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118355
[31] ASTM, C., 29/29M-07. Standard Test Method for Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International (2007). https://doi.org/10.1520/c0029_c0029m-16
[32] Alsheyab, Mohammad Ahmad, and Mohammad Ali Khasawneh. “Quantifying the effect of modified mixture volumetrics and compaction effort on skid resistance of asphalt pavements.” International Journal of Pavement Engineering 23, no. 5 (2022): 1552-1560. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2020.1810688
[33] AASHTO, T 321. Standard Method of Test for Determining the Fatigue Life of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Subjected to Repeated Flexural Bending. Washington, DC. n.d (2022).
[34] Khasawneh, Mohammad Ali, Ansam Adnan Sawalha, Mohannad Theeb Aljarrah, and Mohammad Ahmad Alsheyab. “Effect of aggregate gradation and asphalt mix volumetrics on the thermal properties of asphalt concrete.” Case Studies in Construction Materials 18 (2023): e01725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01725
